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Caesalpinia sappan L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Caesalpinieae

GENUS: Caesalpinia L.

Caesalpinia sappan L. [Preferred name]
    Biancaea sappan (L.)Tod. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Bakam [3030]; Bois Sappan [1915]; Brazilwood [2002, 2832, 3602]; Gango [3060]; Patang [3030]; Pattangi [2023]; Sappan [1915]; Sappan Wood Tree [2]; Sappanwood [1902, 2002, 2023]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Nigeria (I) [8]; South Africa (I) [8]; Tanzania (I) [8]; Uganda (I) [2]; Zaire (I) [113]
  Asia
Bangladesh (N) [3366]; Bhutan (N) [1914]; Burma (U) [4018]; Cambodia (N) [1935, 4018]; China (I) [1935, 2936, 3405, 4018]; Fujian [3403]; Guangdong [2936, 3403]; Guangxi [3403]; Guizhou [3403]; Sichuan [3403]; Yunnan [3403]; Hong Kong (N) [1935]; India (I) [106, 1914, 1935, 3019, 3027, 3031, 3094, 3118, 3366, 3374, 3377, 3385, 4018]; Arunachal Pradesh [3366]; Assam [3385]; Bihar [3031]; Goa [3094]; Himachal Pradesh [3366]; Kerala [3374]; Maharashtra [3019]; Punjab [3377]; Sikkim [3366]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Uttar Pradesh [3366]; West Bengal [3118]; Indonesia (N) [261, 1935, 3004, 3898, 3967]; Irian Jaya (I) [261]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Laos (N) [1935, 4018]; Lesser Sunda Is (N) [3004]; Malaysia (N) [1935, 3004, 4018]; Moluccas (N) [3004]; Myanmar (N) [106, 1914, 1935, 2110]; Nepal (N) [3366]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [4018]; Philippines (U) [3963]; Sabah (N) [3004]; Singapore (U) [3938]; Sri Lanka (N) [1935, 2023]; Sumatera (N) [3967]; Taiwan (I) [2085, 3405]; Thailand (N) [1935, 4018]; Vietnam (N) [1935, 4018]
  Australasia
Papua New Guinea (U) [261]
  Indian Ocean
Mauritius (I) [1915]; Reunion (I) [1915]
  North America
United States (I) [1542]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Fiji (I) [2264]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [106];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [113, 261, 1915, 1935, 1948, 2002, 2023, 2111, 2218, 3001, 3057, 3403, 3405, 3898] ; Illustration [1935, 2002, 2936, 3403, 3405]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Climbing [261] [1915], Not climbing ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Shrub [261] [1915], Tree [1915] ; Lifespan: Perennial [261] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1994/1995 Lewis GP ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1999 Bisby FA, 2004 (Malesia

  
USES:
  Chemical products [2, 121, 1915, 2002, 2023, 2264, 3001, 3030]; Domestic [2218]; Environmental [106, 1915, 2002, 2023, 3898]; Fibre [1935]; Medicine [121, 1935, 3030]; Wood [2264, 3030, 3602]

  
NOTES:
  Rare in Guangdong Province, China. [2936]
  pers.comm.). []
  Cultivated in Asia, Malesia, Africa and America. [261]
  Origin unknown. [2218]
  Native to Tropical Asia. [1915]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

2.

  Dale, I.R., 1953
    A descriptive list of the introduced trees of Uganda

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

106.

  Brenan, J.P.M., 1967
    Caesalp.In:Flora Trop.East Africa. Milne-Redhead & Polhill

113.

  Robyns, W.(Ed.), 1952
    Flore du Congo Belge,Vol.3. Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae

121.

  Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M, 1962
    Medicinal & Poisonous Plants of Southern & Eastern Africa

261.

  Verdcourt, B., 1979
    A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae,PNG

1542.

  Robertson, K.R. & Lee, Y.T., 1976
    J.Arnold Arbor.57(1):1-53 Genera Caesalpinioideae-S.E. USA

1902.

  Terrell, E.E., 1977
    Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vas.Pl... Agric.Handbook No.505

1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
    Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...

1915.

  Polhill, R, M., 1990
    Legumineuses.In:Flore des Mascareignes,Vol 80.J. Bosser et a

1935.

  Larsen, K. et al, 1980
    In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam, Vol 18.A.

1948.

  Whitmore, T.C., 1972
    Tree Flora of Malaya, Vol.1. London:Longman

2002.

  Larsen, K. et al., 1984
    Flora of Thailand, Vol 4 Part 1.In: T.Smithinand & K.Larsen

2023.

  Rudd, V.E., 1991
    Flora of Ceylon 7: 34-107. Caesalpinioideae

2085.

  Chen, T.C., 1988
    Flora Reipubl.Popular Sin.Vol.39.Science Press. Beijing

2110.

  Kurz, S., 1877
    Forest Flora of British Burma Vol I

2111.

  Ridley, H.N., 1922
    Flora of the Malay Peninsula Vol I

2218.

  Hattink, T.A, 1974
    Reinwardtia 9:1-69. A rev.of Malesian Caesalpinia...

2264.

  Parham, J.W., 1972
    Plants of the Fiji Islands

2832.

  Lock, J. & Heald, J., 1994
    Legumes of Indo-China: A Check-list. RBG, Kew.

2936.

  Wu, D. et al.(eds.), 1988
    Illustrations of rare & endangered plants in Guangdong Prov.

3001.

  Ding Hou, Larsen, S & Larsen, K, 1996
    Flora Malesiana I, 12,2:409-784.Caesalpiniaceae.

3004.

  Ford, C.S., 1994
    Kew Herbarium Material.

3019.

  Cooke, T., 1903
    The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay Vol.1

3027.

  Nair, N.C. & Henry, A.N., 1983
    Flora of Tamil Nadu, India Vol.1

3030.

  Ambasta, S.P., 1986
    The useful plants of India

3031.

  Haines, H.H., 1908
    The Forest Flora of Chota Nagpur

3057.

  Baker, J.G., 1877
    Flora of Mauritius and the Seychelles

3060.

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    Plant Red Data Book for Rodrigues

3094.

  Rao, R.S., 1985
    Flora of Goa, Diu, Daman, Dadra & Nagarhaveli Vol 1

3118.

  Prain, D., 1905
    The vegetation ... Hugli-Howarh and 24-Pergunaha

3366.

  Sanjappa, M., 2000
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3374.

  Manilal, K.S. & Siverajan, V.V., 1982
    Flora of Calicut

3377.

  Sharma, M., 1990
    Punjab Plants Check-list

3385.

  Carter, H.G. & Carter, D.N., 1921
    Useful Plants of the District Lakhimpur in Assam

3403.

  Wu, T.L., 1988
    Mimososoideae. In: Fl.Reip.Pop.Sinicae, 39 (Leguminosae 1)

3405.

  Cheng, H.C., 1988
    Caesalpinia &... In: Fl.Reip.Pop.Sinicae, 39 (Leguminosae 1)

3602.

  Bailey, L.H., 1961
    Manual of cultivated plants. New York.

3890.

  Lock, J.M. & Ford, 2004
    Legumes of Malesia: A check-list. RBG Kew.

3898.

  Backer, C.A., 1963
    Flora of Java. Groningen, The Netherlands

3938.

  Keng, H., 1990
    Concise Flora of Singapore. Singapore

3963.

  Merrill, E.D., 1923
    An Enumeration of Philippine Flowering Plants 2(3):241-323

3967.

  Miquel, F.A.W., 1862
    Sumatra,seine Pflanzenwelt und Deren Erzeugnisse. Fleischer.

4018.

  Vidal, J.E.& Thol, S.H., 1976
    Bull.Mus.Natn.Hist.Nat.Paris Bot.27:69-135
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