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Senna alata (L.)Roxb.

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Senna Mill.

Senna alata (L.)Roxb. [Preferred name]
    Cassia alata L. {Synonym}
    Cassia alata var. perennis Pamp. {Synonym}
    Cassia alata var. rumphiana DC. {Synonym}
    Cassia bracteata L.f. {Synonym}
    Cassia herpetica Jacq. {Synonym}
    Cassia rumphiana (DC.)Bojer {Synonym}
    Herpetica alata (L.)Raf. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Acapulco [151]; Candelabra Bush [2002]; Candle Bush [1941, 2023, 3391]; Candle-bush [2968]; Candlestick Plant [3157]; Candlesticks [151, 2023, 3391]; Carrion Crow Bush [151]; Casse De Java [3052]; Catepan [1941]; Catepen [1915]; Cattiping [3056]; Dadmurdan [3391]; Dartres [2157]; Dartrier [151]; Datkapat [3391]; Epis d'Or [2968]; Fleur St. Christophe [2157]; Fleur a Dartre [2157]; Flor Del Secreto [151]; Golden Candelabra Tree [2264]; Guacamaya Francesa [151]; Guajavo [151, 2157]; Herbe a Dartres [2157]; Katepin [3056]; Mocote [151]; Mulamula [2266]; Quatre Epingles [3056]; Ringworm Bush [1902, 2002]; Ringworm Cassia [3391]; Ringworm Plant [106, 1941]; Ringworm Shrub [151, 2023]; Roman Candle Tree [2264]; Senamukhi [3391]; Seven Golden Candlesticks [151]; Soroncontil [151]; Talentro [151]; Taperiba Guazu [151]; Taratana [151]; Tulipan [151]; Vilayati-aghatea [3391]; Winged Senna [3391]; Zerbe St. Christophe [2157]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Burundi (I) [8]; Cameroon (I) [111]; Chad (I) [64]; Gabon (I) [112]; Ghana (I) [11]; Guinea (I) [11]; Ivory Coast (I) [11]; Kenya (I) [106]; Liberia (I) [11]; Malawi (I) [8]; Mali (I) [11]; Nigeria (I) [11]; Senegal (I) [11]; Sierra Leone (I) [11]; Tanzania (I) [106]; Zaire (I) [113]
  Asia
Bangladesh (I) [3366]; Bhutan (I) [1947]; Brunei (I) [3939]; Cambodia (I) [1935]; China (N) [3407]; Guangdong [3407]; Yunnan [3407]; India (I) [1914, 3019, 3023, 3027, 3040, 3042, 3092, 3095, 3366, 3370, 3375, 3377, 3378, 3380, 3391, 3629]; Andhra Pradesh [3391]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3370]; Bihar [3391]; Delhi [3366]; Goa [3366]; Gujarat [3366]; Haryana [3366]; Himachal Pradesh [3023]; Jammu-Kashmir [3366]; Karnataka [3095]; Kerala [3380]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3019]; Manipur [3366]; Meghalaya [3042]; Mizoram [3391]; Nagaland [3391]; Orissa [3391]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3629]; Sikkim [3366]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3366]; West Bengal [3378]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [261, 1936, 2998, 3898, 3967]; Irian Jaya (I) [261]; Jawa (I) [3056, 3898]; Kalimantan (N) [2998]; Laos (I) [1935]; Malaysia (I) [1936, 2998, 3011, 3911]; Myanmar (I) [3366]; Pakistan (I) [2021]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [3011]; Philippines (I) [1936, 3963]; Ryukyu Is (I) [2825]; Sarawak (N) [2998]; Singapore (I) [3938]; Sri Lanka (I) [2023]; Sumatera (N) [3967]; Taiwan (I) [1929, 2827]; Thailand (I) [2002]; Vietnam (I) [1935, 2002]
  Australasia
Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Cuba (N) [151]; Dominican Republic (N) [151, 2157]; Haiti (N) [151, 2157]; Jamaica (N) [151]; Puerto Rico (N) [151]; Trinidad & Tobago (N) [151]
  Central America
Mexico(North & Central) (N) [151, 1470, 1637]; Jalisco [1470]; Michoacan [1470]; Nayarit [151, 1470]; Oaxaca [151]; Nicaragua (N) [151]; Panama (N) [1224]
  Indian Ocean
Andaman Is (I) [3389]; Comoro Is (I) [3054]; Madagascar (I) [1982, 3402]; Mauritius (I) [1915, 3052]; Seychelles (I) [1941]
  North America
United States (I) [151, 3157]; California [151, 3157]; Florida [151, 3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Cook Is (I) [2265]; Fiji (I) [2264]; Hawaii (I) [151]; Niue (I) [2266]; Northern Marianas (I) [2235]; Samoa-JML (I) [2265]; Society Is (I) [2968]; Solomon Is (I) [261]; Tonga (I) [2265]
  South America
Argentina (N) [151]; Bolivia (N) [151]; Brazil (N) [151, 1414]; Bahia [151, 1414]; Ceara [151]; Goias [151]; Minas Gerais [151]; Parana [151]; Roraima [151]; Santa Catarina [151]; Sao Paulo [151]; Colombia (N) [151]; Ecuador (N) [151]; French Guiana (N) [2285]; Guyana (N) [151]; Peru (N) [2090]; Surinam (N) [151]; Venezuela (N) [151]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [106];
    Guinea-Congolia/Sudania regional transition zone; anthropic landscapes. [11];
    Guinea-Congolian anthropic landscapes [11];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [106, 111, 113, 151, 261, 1470, 1935, 1941, 1947, 2002, 2021, 2023, 2111, 2157, 2825, 3001, 3391, 3402, 3407, 3629, 3898, 3911] ; Illustration [10, 261, 1935, 1947, 2002, 2021, 2085, 3001, 3391, 3407]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [3402] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Herb [261], Shrub [261] [1941], Tree ; Lifespan: Perennial [261] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1996 (Japan) Ohashi H, 1999-

  
USES:
  Environmental [14, 2021, 2023, 2264, 2825, 2828]; Medicine [14, 106, 261, 1915, 1936, 1941, 1947, 2002, 2021, 2023, 2828, 3030, 3402]; Toxins [3092]; Weed [261, 3911]

  
NOTES:
  Native of S.America but now pantropical. [1935]
  Troublesome in pastureland as spreads rapidly and livestock will not eat it. [261]
  A weed, but also purposely planted. [3911]
  Contains chrysophanic acid. [3911]
  Introduced from Tropcial America, now pantropical. [3963]

  
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