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Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Senna Mill.

Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby [Preferred name]
    Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. {Synonym}
    Cassia nairobensis L.H.Bailey {Synonym}
    Cassia nairobiensis L.H.Bailey {Synonym}
    Cassia verdickii De Wild. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  At Tora [2023]; Rata Tora [2023]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Angola (N) [106]; Ethiopia (N) [106]; Kenya (N) [106]; Malawi (N) [106]; Mozambique (N) [106]; Namibia (U) [107]; South Africa (U) [107]; Sudan (N) [106]; Tanzania (N) [106]; Uganda (N) [106]; Zaire (N) [106]; Zambia (N) [106]; Zimbabwe (N) [106]
  Asia
Hainan (I) [3407]; India (I) [151, 3027, 3366, 3372, 3377, 3391]; Assam [3391]; Delhi [3372]; Karnataka [3366]; Kerala [3391]; Manipur [3391]; Punjab [3377]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Uttar Pradesh [3391]; Indonesia (I) [1936, 3898]; Iraq (I) [1939]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Malaysia (I) [3911]; Pakistan (I) [2021]; Sri Lanka (I) [151, 2023]
  Australasia
Papua New Guinea (I) [8, 261]
  Caribbean
Cuba (I) [151]
  Central America
Mexico(North & Central) (N) [1470]; Panama (I) [151, 1224]
  Indian Ocean
Madagascar (I) [1982, 3402]; Mauritius (I) [1915]
  Middle East
Yemen (I) [1939]
  North America
United States (I) [8, 151, 1470, 3157]; Arizona [3157]; California [3157]; Florida [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Hawaii (I) [1949]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2265]; Tonga (I) [2265]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Somalia-Masai wooded grasslands. [106];
    Somalia-Masai woodland [106];
    Zambezian wooded grassland [106];
    Zambezian woodland [106];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [106, 113, 261, 1862, 1919, 2021, 3391, 3402, 3407, 3627, 3898, 3911] ; Illustration [106, 113, 149, 261, 1919, 2021, 3083, 3391, 3407]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [3402] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157] ; Habit: Herb, Shrub [261], Tree [3581] ; Lifespan: Perennial [261] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 2003-11 (Madagascar) Novoselova MS extract [3402], 2004 (Malesia)

  
USES:
  Chemical products [42]; Environmental [113, 1914, 2021, 2023, 2265, 3911]; Forage [2021]; Medicine [42, 52, 107, 2023, 3391]; Toxins [7, 42, 52, 3391]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

7.

  Robyns, W.(Ed.), 1952
    Flore du Congo Belge,Vol.3. Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae.

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

42.

  Dale, I.R. & Greenway, P.J., 1961
    Kenya Trees and Shrubs

52.

  Verdcourt, B. & Trump, E.C., 1969
    Common Poisonous Plants of East Africa

106.

  Brenan, J.P.M., 1967
    Caesalp.In:Flora Trop.East Africa. Milne-Redhead & Polhill

107.

  Ross, J.H., 1982
    Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora Southern Africa 16,pt.1.Ross.J.H.

113.

  Robyns, W.(Ed.), 1952
    Flore du Congo Belge,Vol.3. Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae

149.

  Valenti, G.S., 1971
    Webbia 26:1-99. Adumbr.Fl.Aeth.;Caesalpin; gen.Cassia.

151.

  Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C., 1982
    Mem.New York Bot.Gard.35:1-918[in 2 parts]American Cassiinae

261.

  Verdcourt, B., 1979
    A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae,PNG

1470.

  McVaugh, R., 1987
    Flora Novo-Galiciana 5:1-786. Leguminosae

1862.

  Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E., 1974
    Flora of Iraq. Vol.3. Baghdad.

1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
    Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...

1915.

  Polhill, R, M., 1990
    Legumineuses.In:Flore des Mascareignes,Vol 80.J. Bosser et a

1919.

  Hacker, J.B., 1990
    A Guide to Herbaceous and Shrub Legumes of Queensland.

1936.

  De Wit, H., 1955
    Webbia 11: 197-292. A revision of the genus Cassia...

1939.

  Lock, J.M. & Simpson, K., 1991
    Legumes of West Asia: A Checklist. RBG, Kew.

1949.

  Wagner, W.L. et al, 1990
    Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, Vol.1.

1982.

  Du Puy, D.J., 1993
    Legumes of Madagascar. Typescripte.

2021.

  Ali, S.I., 1973
    Flora of Pakistan, No.54 Caesalpiniaceae. Karachi:Univ Karac

2023.

  Rudd, V.E., 1991
    Flora of Ceylon 7: 34-107. Caesalpinioideae

2265.

  Horn, P.E., 1988
    Herbarium References

3027.

  Nair, N.C. & Henry, A.N., 1983
    Flora of Tamil Nadu, India Vol.1

3083.

  Hargreaves, D. & Hargreaves, B., 1972
    African Blossoms;Tropical Africa,South Africa,Madagascar ...

3157.

  Isely, D., 1998
    Native & naturalized Leg.of the USA.Brigham Young Univ.Utah

3366.

  Sanjappa, M., 2000
    Checklist of the Leguminosae in South Asia. Typescript

3372.

  Maheshwari, J.K., 1963
    The Flora of Delhi

3377.

  Sharma, M., 1990
    Punjab Plants Check-list

3391.

  Singh, V., 2001
    Monograph on Indian Subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae)

3402.

  Du Puy, D.J. et al., 2002
    The Leguminosae of Madagascar. RBG Kew.

3407.

  Chen, P.Y., 1988
    Erythrophloeum &... In: Fl.Reip.Pop.Sinicae, 39 (Legum. 1)

3581.

  Kumar, S.& Sane PV, 2003
    Legumes of South Asia: a check-list. RBG Kew.

3627.

  Publ. & Inform. Directorate, 1992
    The welth of India:Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials..Vol.3

3898.

  Backer, C.A., 1963
    Flora of Java. Groningen, The Netherlands

3911.

  DeWit, H.C.D., 1955
    Webbia 11:197-292.Revision of Gen. Cassia as occ.in Malaysia

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