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Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Senna Mill.

Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby [Preferred name]
    Adipera laevigata (Willd.)Britton & Wilson {Synonym}
    Cassia aurata Roxb. {Synonym}
    Cassia elegans Kunth {Synonym}
    Cassia floribunda sensu Brenan {Misapplied}
    Cassia floribunda sensu auct. {Misapplied}
    Cassia laevigata Willd. {Synonym}
    Cassia laevigata var. floribunda sensu Ghesq. {Misapplied}
    Cassia quadrangularis Zoll. & Moritzi {Synonym}
    Cassia septemtrionalis Viv. {Synonym}
    Cassia septentrionalis Sesse & Moc. {Synonym}
    Cassia septentrionalis Zuccagni {Synonym}
    Cassia vernicosa Clos {Synonym}
    Chamaecassia laevigata Link {Synonym}
    Chamaefistula laevigata G.Don {Synonym}
    Senna aurata Roxb. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Arsenic Bush [151]; Brusca [2157]; Dooley Weed [151]; Frijolillo [151]; Hedionda Macho [151]; Hill Senna [3391]; Laburnum [151]; Moco [151]; Retama [151]; Smooth Senna [2080, 2960, 3391]; Tsotsorinangatra [3402]; Voandranomainty [3402]; Wild Senna [3391]; Winivinikau [2264]; Yellow Shower [2264]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Burundi (I) [8]; Cameroon (I) [11]; Equatorial Guinea (I) [11]; Ethiopia (I) [24]; Ghana (I) [11]; Kenya (I) [106]; Malawi (I) [8]; Mozambique (I) [8]; Nigeria (I) [8]; Rwanda (I) [8]; Sierra Leone (I) [11]; South Africa (I) [107]; Swaziland (I) [107]; Tanzania (I) [106]; Uganda (I) [106]; Zaire (I) [113]; Zambia (I) [8]; Zimbabwe (I) [8]
  Asia
India (I) [1914, 1944, 3027, 3040, 3043, 3140, 3366, 3368, 3372, 3391, 3585]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3391]; Bihar [3366]; Delhi [3372]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Karnataka [1944]; Kerala [3391]; Manipur [3391]; Meghalaya [3043]; Mizoram [3391]; Nagaland [3391]; Punjab [3585]; Sikkim [3585]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3391]; Uttar Pradesh [3585]; West Bengal [3368]; Indonesia (I) [1936, 3004, 3898]; Jawa (I) [151, 3898]; Malaysia (I) [1936, 3011, 3911]; Nepal (I) [1914, 3369, 3646]; Pakistan (I) [2021]; Peninsular Malaysia (I) [151, 3011]; Sri Lanka (I) [2023]; Sulawesi (N) [3004]; Sumatera (I) [151, 3004]; Vietnam (I) [1935]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [151, 3935]; Norfolk I (I) [2265]; Papua New Guinea (N) [261]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (U) [151, 1430]; Dominican Republic (I) [151, 2157]; Jamaica (I) [151, 2157]; Puerto Rico (I) [151, 2157]
  Central America
Costa Rica (N) [151]; El Salvador (N) [2156]; Guatemala (N) [151]; Honduras (N) [151]; Mexico (N) [3935]; Mexico(North & Central) (N) [151, 1470]; Mexico(South East) (N) [151]; Nicaragua (N) [151]; Panama (U) [1224]
  Indian Ocean
Madagascar (I) [1982, 3402]
  North America
United States (I) [3157]; California [3157]; Florida [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Fiji (I) [2264]; Hawaii (I) [151]; Kermadec Is (I) [2966]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2966]; Tonga (I) [2265]
  South America
Argentina (I) [151, 1430]; Brazil (U) [151]; Chile (I) [151, 1430, 1444]; Colombia (U) [151]; Peru (U) [151]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [106];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [106, 111, 113, 261, 1935, 2021, 2023, 2080, 2157, 3001, 3011, 3391, 3402, 3898, 3911, 3935] ; Illustration [111, 1935, 3391]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3011] [3402] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157] ; Habit: Herb, Shrub [3402], Tree [3011] [3581] ; Lifespan: Perennial [3011] [3402] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 2003-11 (Madagascar) Novoselova MS extract [3402], 2004 (Malesia) Loc

  
USES:
  Environmental [106, 151, 261, 1470, 1935, 2021, 2023, 2264, 3391, 3911]; Food and Drink [2023, 3391, 3402, 3585]; Medicine [151, 1470, 2023, 3391]; Weed [261]

  
NOTES:
  May be poisonous. [3911]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

11.

  Keay, R.W.J., 1958
    Flora of West Tropical Africa.Ed.2;Vol.1,part 2

24.

  Thulin, M., 1983
    Opera Botanica 68:1-223.Leguminosae of Ethiopia

106.

  Brenan, J.P.M., 1967
    Caesalp.In:Flora Trop.East Africa. Milne-Redhead & Polhill

107.

  Ross, J.H., 1982
    Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora Southern Africa 16,pt.1.Ross.J.H.

111.

  Aubreville, A., 1965
    9.Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora du Cameroun.Aubreville & Leroy

113.

  Robyns, W.(Ed.), 1952
    Flore du Congo Belge,Vol.3. Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae

151.

  Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C., 1982
    Mem.New York Bot.Gard.35:1-918[in 2 parts]American Cassiinae

261.

  Verdcourt, B., 1979
    A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae,PNG

1224.

  D'Arcy, W.G., 1987
    Monogr.Syst.Botany Missouri Botanical Garden. Flora Panama.

1470.

  McVaugh, R., 1987
    Flora Novo-Galiciana 5:1-786. Leguminosae

1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
    Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...

1935.

  Larsen, K. et al, 1980
    In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam, Vol 18.A.

1936.

  De Wit, H., 1955
    Webbia 11: 197-292. A revision of the genus Cassia...

1944.

  Saldanha, C.J. & Nicolson, D.H., 1976
    Flora of the Hassan District, Karnataka, India.

1982.

  Du Puy, D.J., 1993
    Legumes of Madagascar. Typescripte.

2021.

  Ali, S.I., 1973
    Flora of Pakistan, No.54 Caesalpiniaceae. Karachi:Univ Karac

2023.

  Rudd, V.E., 1991
    Flora of Ceylon 7: 34-107. Caesalpinioideae

2080.

  Webb, C.J. et al., 1988
    Flora of New Zealand Vol IV

2156.

  Berendsohn, W.G. & AranivaGonza, 1979
    Cuscatlania 1(2):1-16

2157.

  Liogier, A.H., 1985
    La Flore de la Espanola.III

2264.

  Parham, J.W., 1972
    Plants of the Fiji Islands

2265.

  Horn, P.E., 1988
    Herbarium References

2960.

  Healy, A., 1985
    Standard common names for weeds in New Zealand

2966.

  Webb, C.J., 1980
    New Zealand Journal of Botany 18(4):463-72

3001.

  Ding Hou, Larsen, S & Larsen, K, 1996
    Flora Malesiana I, 12,2:409-784.Caesalpiniaceae.

3004.

  Ford, C.S., 1994
    Kew Herbarium Material.

3011.

  Corner, E.J.H, 1952
    Wayside trees of Malaya (2nd ed.) Singapore.

3027.

  Nair, N.C. & Henry, A.N., 1983
    Flora of Tamil Nadu, India Vol.1

3040.

  Hajra, P.K. et al., 1996
    Materials for the Flora of Arunachal Pradesh Vol.1

3043.

  Balakrishnan, N.P., 1981
    Flora of Jowai and vicinity Meghalaya Vol.1

3140.

  Chowdhery, H.J. & Wadhwa, B.M., 1984
    Flora of Himachal Pradesh Vol.1

3157.

  Isely, D., 1998
    Native & naturalized Leg.of the USA.Brigham Young Univ.Utah

3366.

  Sanjappa, M., 2000
    Checklist of the Leguminosae in South Asia. Typescript

3368.

  Matthew, KM, 1981
    Enumeration of the Flowering Plants of Kurseong, Darjeeling

3369.

  Shrestha, K.K., 1998
    Revised checklist of the Legumes of Nepal (manuscript)

3372.

  Maheshwari, J.K., 1963
    The Flora of Delhi

3391.

  Singh, V., 2001
    Monograph on Indian Subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae)

3402.

  Du Puy, D.J. et al., 2002
    The Leguminosae of Madagascar. RBG Kew.

3581.

  Kumar, S.& Sane PV, 2003
    Legumes of South Asia: a check-list. RBG Kew.

3585.

  Raizada, M.B. & Saxena, H.O., 1978
    Flora of Mussoorie, Vol. 1.

3646.

  Malla, S.B. et al., 1976
    Bull.Dept.Medicinal Plants,Nepal,Vol.7.Catalogue of Nepal...

3898.

  Backer, C.A., 1963
    Flora of Java. Groningen, The Netherlands

3911.

  DeWit, H.C.D., 1955
    Webbia 11:197-292.Revision of Gen. Cassia as occ.in Malaysia

3935.

  Irwin.H.S.& Barneby, R.C., 1982
    Mem.N.Y.Bot.Gard.35(1 & 2):1-918 The American Cassiinae
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