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Senna hirsuta (L.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Senna Mill.

Senna hirsuta (L.)H.S.Irwin & Barneby [Preferred name]
    Cassia caracasana Jacq. {Synonym}
    Cassia hirsuta L. {Synonym}
    Cassia tomentosa Arn. {Synonym}
    Cassia venenifera G.Mey. {Synonym}
    Ditremexa hirsuta (L.)Britton & Wilson {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Aytera Cimarrona [151]; Disiplinilla [151]; Erva De Bicho [151]; Frijolillo De Monte [151]; Mano De Muerto [151]; Pico De Pajaro [151]; Stinking Cassia [2264]; Taperigua [151]; Viche [151]; Zalche [151]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Burundi (I) [8]; Cameroon (I) [111]; Central African Rep. (I) [8]; Gabon (I) [112]; Ghana (I) [11]; Guinea (I) [11]; Ivory Coast (I) [8]; Kenya (I) [8]; Liberia (I) [11]; Malawi (I) [8]; Mali (I) [561]; Nigeria (I) [11]; South Africa (I) [107]; Tanzania (I) [106]; Togo (I) [8]; Uganda (I) [106]; Zaire (I) [113]; Zimbabwe (I) [8]
  Asia
Cambodia (I) [1935]; China (I) [3407]; Guangdong [3407]; Yunnan [3407]; India (I) [1914, 1944, 3027, 3040, 3042, 3366, 3391, 3623]; Andhra Pradesh [3391]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3391]; Bihar [3391]; Delhi [3366]; Goa [3366]; Gujarat [3366]; Haryana [3366]; Himachal Pradesh [3366]; Jammu-Kashmir [3366]; Karnataka [1944]; Kerala [3623]; Madhaya Pradesh [3366]; Maharashtra [3366]; Manipur [3391]; Meghalaya [3042]; Mizoram [3391]; Nagaland [3391]; Orissa [3391]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3366]; Rajasthan [3366]; Sikkim [3366]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3391]; Uttar Pradesh [3391]; West Bengal [3391]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [3911]; Jawa (N) [3911]; Laos (I) [1935]; Malaysia (I) [2111, 3911]; Myanmar (I) [3366]; Nepal (I) [3366]; Pakistan (I) [3366]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [2111]; Philippines (I) [3911]; Singapore (I) [3938]; Sri Lanka (I) [2023]; Thailand (I) [2002]; Vietnam (I) [1935]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (N) [151, 1430, 1470]
  Central America
Costa Rica (N) [1470]; El Salvador (N) [2156]; Guatemala (N) [151]; Mexico(North & Central) (N) [151, 1470]; Mexico(South East) (N) [151]; Panama (N) [151, 1224]
  Indian Ocean
Andaman Is (I) [3391]; Nicobar Is (I) [3391]; Seychelles (I) [1941]
  North America
United States (N) [151, 1470]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Fiji (I) [2264]
  South America
Argentina (N) [151]; Bolivia (N) [151]; Brazil (N) [151, 1414]; Colombia (N) [151]; Ecuador (N) [151]; French Guiana (N) [2285]; Guyana (N) [151]; Paraguay (N) [151]; Peru (N) [2090]; Surinam (N) [2285]; Venezuela (N) [151]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [8];
    Guinea-Congolian anthropic landscapes [106];
    Lake Victoria regional mosaic; anthropic landscapes. [106];
    Zanzibar-Inhambane regional transition zone; anthropic habitats. [106];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [106, 111, 113, 151, 261, 1935, 1941, 2002, 2023, 2111, 3001, 3391, 3407, 3911] ; Illustration [111, 1935, 2002, 3391, 3407]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [1941] [3911] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS ; Habit: Herb [1941] [3911], Shrub [1941] [3911] ; Lifespan: Perennial [3911] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 2004 (Malesia) Lock JM & For

  
USES:
  Food and Drink [1935]; Medicine [2002, 2023, 3034, 3911]; Weed [1914, 2002, 2023, 2264, 3911]

  
NOTES:
  Now a weed in many places in the tropics, but not very common. [2002]
  Introduced to the Philippines from America. [3911]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

11.

  Keay, R.W.J., 1958
    Flora of West Tropical Africa.Ed.2;Vol.1,part 2

106.

  Brenan, J.P.M., 1967
    Caesalp.In:Flora Trop.East Africa. Milne-Redhead & Polhill

107.

  Ross, J.H., 1982
    Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora Southern Africa 16,pt.1.Ross.J.H.

111.

  Aubreville, A., 1965
    9.Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora du Cameroun.Aubreville & Leroy

112.

  Aubreville, A., 1967
    15.Caesalpinoideae.In:Flore du Gabon.Aubreville,A.

113.

  Robyns, W.(Ed.), 1952
    Flore du Congo Belge,Vol.3. Mimosoideae, Caesalpinoideae

151.

  Irwin, H.S. & Barneby, R.C., 1982
    Mem.New York Bot.Gard.35:1-918[in 2 parts]American Cassiinae

261.

  Verdcourt, B., 1979
    A Manual of New Guinea Legumes. Office of Forests, Lae,PNG

561.

  Boudet, G. & Lebrun, J.-P., 1986
    Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du Mali.IEMVPT Et.+Syn.16.

1470.

  McVaugh, R., 1987
    Flora Novo-Galiciana 5:1-786. Leguminosae

1880.

  Hnatiuk, R.J., 1990
    Census Australian Vasc. Plants, Bureau Fl. & Fauna, Canberra

1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
    Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...

1935.

  Larsen, K. et al, 1980
    In: Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam, Vol 18.A.

1941.

  Robertson, S.A., 1989
    Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Kew

1944.

  Saldanha, C.J. & Nicolson, D.H., 1976
    Flora of the Hassan District, Karnataka, India.

2002.

  Larsen, K. et al., 1984
    Flora of Thailand, Vol 4 Part 1.In: T.Smithinand & K.Larsen

2023.

  Rudd, V.E., 1991
    Flora of Ceylon 7: 34-107. Caesalpinioideae

2090.

  Zarucchi, J.L., 1993
    Monogr.Syst.Bot.Missouri Bot. Gard. 45:44-527.Cata.Fl.Pl.Gym

2111.

  Ridley, H.N., 1922
    Flora of the Malay Peninsula Vol I

2156.

  Berendsohn, W.G. & AranivaGonza, 1979
    Cuscatlania 1(2):1-16

2264.

  Parham, J.W., 1972
    Plants of the Fiji Islands

2285.

  Boggan, V. et al., 1993
    Checklist of plants of the Guianas. Univ.Guyana. Georgetown.

3001.

  Ding Hou, Larsen, S & Larsen, K, 1996
    Flora Malesiana I, 12,2:409-784.Caesalpiniaceae.

3027.

  Nair, N.C. & Henry, A.N., 1983
    Flora of Tamil Nadu, India Vol.1

3034.

  Jain, S.K., 1991
    Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany

3040.

  Hajra, P.K. et al., 1996
    Materials for the Flora of Arunachal Pradesh Vol.1

3042.

  Haridasan, K. & Rao, R.R., 1985
    Forest Flora of Meghalaya Vol.1

3366.

  Sanjappa, M., 2000
    Checklist of the Leguminosae in South Asia. Typescript

3391.

  Singh, V., 2001
    Monograph on Indian Subtribe Cassiinae (Caesalpiniaceae)

3407.

  Chen, P.Y., 1988
    Erythrophloeum &... In: Fl.Reip.Pop.Sinicae, 39 (Legum. 1)

3623.

  Vajravelu, E., 1990
    Flora of Palghat Distr. including Silent Valley Nat.Park.

3911.

  DeWit, H.C.D., 1955
    Webbia 11:197-292.Revision of Gen. Cassia as occ.in Malaysia

3938.

  Keng, H., 1990
    Concise Flora of Singapore. Singapore
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