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Senna tora (L.)Roxb.

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Senna Mill.

Senna tora (L.)Roxb. [Preferred name]
    Cassia boreensis Miq. {Synonym}
    Cassia borneensis Miq. {Synonym}
    Cassia gallinaria Collad. {Synonym}
    Cassia numilis Collad. {Synonym}
    Cassia tora L. {Synonym}
    Cassia tora var. borneensis (Miq.)Miq. {Synonym}
    Emelista tora Britton & Rose {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Casse Puante Petit Espece [1941]; Casse Puante Petite Espece [1941]; Chakavat [3391]; Chakunda [3030, 3391]; Chakwar [3371, 3392]; Foetid Cassia [3391]; Kassiya Tora [2602]; Panevar [3030, 3391]; Pawad [3391]; Pawar [3371, 3392]; Peti-Tora [2023]; Senna Tora [4544]; Sickle Senna [1902]; Thal-ka-rdo-rdze [4070]; Tsimatihariva [3402]; Vaddutatakarai [4751]; Velonkariva [3402]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Tanzania (U) [106]
  Asia
Bhutan (U) [1947]; Cambodia (I) [1935]; China (N) [106, 261, 3407]; India (U) [261, 1914, 1947, 3017, 3020, 3024, 3027, 3028, 3040, 3043, 3092, 3113, 3118, 3140, 3366, 3371, 3372, 3375, 3377, 3384, 3391, 3392, 3584]; Andhra Pradesh [3384]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3391]; Bihar [3371]; Delhi [3372]; Goa [3366]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3391]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3584]; Karnataka [3020]; Kerala [3113]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3024]; Manipur [3391]; Meghalaya [3043]; Mizoram [3391]; Nagaland [3391]; Orissa [3391]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Sikkim [1947]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3392]; West Bengal [3118]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [1936, 3898, 3967]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Laos (I) [1935]; Malaysia (I) [1936]; Nepal (N) [2898, 3369]; Pakistan (N) [2021]; Philippines (N) [3963]; Russia in Asia (N) Primorye [2602, 4449]; Ryukyu Is (I) [2825]; Singapore (I) [3938]; Sri Lanka (I) [2023]; Sumatera (N) [3967]; Taiwan (N) [1931, 2827]; Thailand (N) [2002]; Vietnam (I) [1935]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Northern Territory [1880]; Queensland [1880]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Europe
Ukraine (I) Odessa [4678]
  Indian Ocean
Andaman Is (I) [3391]; Laccadive Is (I) [3076, 3391]; Madagascar (I) [3402]; Maldives (U) [3062, 3076, 3617]; Mauritius (I) [1915]; Nicobar Is (I) [3366]; Reunion (I) [1915]; Rodrigues (I) [1915]; Seychelles (I) [1941]
  Middle East
Oman (I) [1939]; Saudi Arabia (I) [1939]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Fiji (U) [106, 261, 1937]; Society Is (U) [2968]; Solomon Is (I) [261]

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [106, 261, 1859, 1915, 1935, 1936, 1941, 1947, 2002, 2021, 2023, 2602, 2825, 3001, 3057, 3391, 3402, 3407, 3898, 3911] ; Distribution Map [2602] ; Illustration [1859, 1929, 1935, 2002, 2021, 3041, 3391]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [1941] [2602] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-04 Seneviratne GI (Sinhala & Tamil Names), 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Herb [261] [1941] [2602], Shrub [261] ; Lifespan: Annual [3057], Perennial [261] [2602] [3402] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1996 (Japan) Ohashi H, 1999-05 Heald J, 2003-11 (Madagascar) Novoselova MS extract [3402], 2004 (Malesia) Lock J

  
USES:
  Environmental [2828, 3391, 3911]; Food and Drink [1936, 2828, 3030, 3031, 3034, 3391, 3911]; Forage [3391]; Medicine [1935, 1936, 1947, 2021, 2829, 3030, 3034, 3391, 4070]; Weed [261, 1935, 1941, 2002, 2602]

  
NOTES:
  Cassia tora L.: Accepted [03/26/93 14:05] [106]
  Origin uncertain;Brenan considers almost certainly of Asiatic origin despite []
  Leaves laxative, antiperiodic, asperient and anthelmintic:seeds tonic etc. [2021]
  Common weed thruoghout Thailand. Pantropic weed. [2002]
  N.Pavlova (1989) treated it as Cassia tora [2602]
  Native to S.E. Asia. [1915]

  
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