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Ceratonia siliqua L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Cassieae

GENUS: Ceratonia L.

Ceratonia siliqua L. [Preferred name]

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Algaroba [1862]; Carob [106, 2265, 2960, 3060]; Carob Tree [106, 2021, 3019]; Caroubier [1862, 1915, 3060]; Locust Bean [106]; Locust Tree [1862, 3019]; Rozhkovoe Derevo [4432]; St. John's Bread [107, 3052]; St.John's Bread [3019]; Tzaregradskie Rozhki [4432]; Tzeratoniya Struchkovaya [4432]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Algeria (N) [33, 454]; Canary Is (I) [1862]; Cape Verde (I) [33]; Ethiopia (I) [24]; Kenya (I) [8]; Libya (N) [33, 454]; Morocco (N) [33, 454]; Mozambique (I) [8]; Namibia (I) [107]; South Africa (I) [107]; Sudan (I) [8]; Tanzania (I) [8]; Tunisia (N) [33, 454]; Zambia (I) [28]; Zimbabwe (I) [8]
  Asia
China (I) [3407]; Guangdong [3407]; Gruzia (I) Abkhazia [2185]; India (I) [3019, 3027, 3366, 3373, 3377, 3587]; Bihar [3587]; Haryana [3373]; Maharashtra [3019]; Punjab [3377]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; West Bengal [3366]; Iran (U) [160, 1862, 2006]; Iraq (I) [1862]; Pakistan (I) [2021]
  Australasia
Norfolk I (U) [2265]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (I) [1714]
  Central America
Mexico(North & Central) (I) [1714]
  Europe
Albania (N) [754]; Balearic Is (N) [754]; Corsica (I) [754]; France (N) [754]; Greece (N) [754]; Italy (N) [754]; Kriti (N) [754]; Malta (U) [454]; Portugal (I) [754]; Sardegna (N) [754]; Sicilia (N) [454, 2935]; Spain (N) [754]; Yugoslavia (N) [754]
  Indian Ocean
Comoro Is (I) [3054, 4747]; Moheli I [4747]; Mauritius (I) [1915]; Reunion (I) [1915]; Rodrigues (I) [1915]
  Middle East
Cyprus (N) [454]; East Aegean Is(Greek) (N) [454]; Israel (N) [1862]; Jordan (N) [1862]; Lebanon (N) [1862]; Sinai (N) [454]; Syria (N) [1862]; Turkey in Asia (N) [454]
  North America
United States (I) [1431]
  Pacific Ocean
New Zealand(North) (I) [2265]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2265]
  South America
Argentina (I) [1114]; Peru (I) [2090]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Mediterranean forests. [33];
    Mediterranean shrublands. [33];
    Mediterranean-Sahara regional transition zone - shrubland. [33];
    Mediterranean-Sahara regional transition zone; forest [33];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [141, 754, 1862, 1915, 2006, 2021, 3407, 4432] ; Illustration [141, 531, 548, 3593]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [1915] [4432] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Habit: Tree [1915] [4432] ; Lifespan: Perennial [1915] [4432] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1991 (W Asia) Lock JM & Simpson K, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Adams BR, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 2004-01 (F

  
USES:
  Chemical products [121, 3030]; Environmental [1915]; Food and Drink [121, 1862, 1915, 2265, 3030, 4432]; Forage [107, 1862, 1915, 2015, 3030, 4432]; Medicine [121, 1862, 3030]; Miscellaneous [1862, 2015]; Wood [1862, 3030]

  
NOTES:
  Planted for ornament in the parks of the Black Sea coast between Gagry & [4432]
  Sukhumi [4432]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

24.

  Thulin, M., 1983
    Opera Botanica 68:1-223.Leguminosae of Ethiopia

28.

  White, F., 1962
    Forest Flora of Northern Rhodesia.

33.

  White, F., 1983
    The Vegetation of Africa

106.

  Brenan, J.P.M., 1967
    Caesalp.In:Flora Trop.East Africa. Milne-Redhead & Polhill

107.

  Ross, J.H., 1982
    Caesalpinoideae.In:Flora Southern Africa 16,pt.1.Ross.J.H.

121.

  Watt, J.M. & Breyer-Brandwijk, M, 1962
    Medicinal & Poisonous Plants of Southern & Eastern Africa

141.

  Jafri, S.M.N., 1978
    Caesalpiniaceae.In:Flora of Libya pt.61 (Jafri & El Gadi,Ed)

160.

  Hillcoat, D., et al., 1980
    Kew Bull.35:261-71.New sp.Ceratonia fr.Arabia & Somali Rep.

454.

  Greuter, W. et al. (Eds.), 1989
    Med-Checklist Vol.4 (published)

531.

  Polunin, O. & Huxley, A., 1965
    Flowers of the Mediterranean. Chatto & Windus,London.

548.

  Polunin, O., 1969
    Flowers of Europe. O.U.P.

754.

  Heywood, V.H. & Ball, P.W., 1968
    Leguminosae.In:Flora Europaea Vol.2.ed.Tutin,T.G.et al.

1114.

  Boeclke, O., 1946
    Darwiniana 7(2):240-321 Est. Morfologico Semillas Mim. y Cae

1431.

  List Based Record, 1986
    U.S. Soil Conservation Service

1714.

  Wiggins, I.L., 1980
    Flora of Baja California 644-711 Leguminosae

1862.

  Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E., 1974
    Flora of Iraq. Vol.3. Baghdad.

1915.

  Polhill, R, M., 1990
    Legumineuses.In:Flore des Mascareignes,Vol 80.J. Bosser et a

2006.

  Rechinger, K.H., 1986
    Flora Iranica 160:Caesalpineaceae

2015.

  Komarov, V.L., 1945
    Flora of the U.S.S.R. Vol XI (Engl. Translation 1972)

2021.

  Ali, S.I., 1973
    Flora of Pakistan, No.54 Caesalpiniaceae. Karachi:Univ Karac

2090.

  Zarucchi, J.L., 1993
    Monogr.Syst.Bot.Missouri Bot. Gard. 45:44-527.Cata.Fl.Pl.Gym

2185.

  Grossheim, A.A., 1952
    Flora Kavkaza, Vol.5. Moscow,Leningrad. (Rus)

2265.

  Horn, P.E., 1988
    Herbarium References

2935.

  Raimondo, F.M. & Schicchi, R., 1998
    Il popolamento vegetale della riserva naturale dello Zingaro

2960.

  Healy, A., 1985
    Standard common names for weeds in New Zealand

3019.

  Cooke, T., 1903
    The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay Vol.1

3027.

  Nair, N.C. & Henry, A.N., 1983
    Flora of Tamil Nadu, India Vol.1

3030.

  Ambasta, S.P., 1986
    The useful plants of India

3052.

  Bojer, W., 1837
    Hortus Mauritianus ou Enumeration des Plants...l'ile Maurice

3054.

  Voeltzkow, A., 1916
    Fl. Fauna Comoren

3060.

  Strahm, W., 1989
    Plant Red Data Book for Rodrigues

3366.

  Sanjappa, M., 2000
    Checklist of the Leguminosae in South Asia. Typescript

3373.

  Kumar, S., 2000
    ..Leguminosae of Haryana. Indian J. Forest. Addit Ser. 11

3377.

  Sharma, M., 1990
    Punjab Plants Check-list

3407.

  Chen, P.Y., 1988
    Erythrophloeum &... In: Fl.Reip.Pop.Sinicae, 39 (Legum. 1)

3587.

  Haines, H.H., 1922
    The Botany of Bihar & Orissa, Part 3. London.

3593.

  Matthew, K.M., 1996
    Illustrations on the Flora of the Plain Hills, South India.

4432.

  Palibin, I.V., 1941
    In:Flora URSS, Vol.11. Mosqua, Leningrad. (Rus)

4747.

  Voeltzkow, A., 1917
    Flora und Fauna der Comoren. 428-480. Berlin.
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