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Tamarindus indica L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Detarieae

GENUS: Tamarindus L.

Tamarindus indica L. [Preferred name]
    Tamarindus occidentalis Gaertn. {Synonym}
    Tamarindus officinalis Hook. {Synonym}
    Tamarindus umbrosa Salisb. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Amli [3030, 3625]; Anbli [3030]; Imli [2264, 3030]; Indian Date [1947, 2023, 3625]; Kily [3402]; Madiro [3402]; Maha-siyambala [4751]; Puli [4751]; Siyambala [4751]; Tamaleni [2266]; Tamare [1941]; Tamaren [3058]; Tamarin [2157, 3061]; Tamarin des Bas [1915]; Tamarind [106, 261, 1056, 1915, 1947, 2023, 2153, 2264, 2968]; Tamarindo [2157]; Tamarinier [113, 1915, 2968]; Tamarinier des Bas [3053]; Tamerine [2968]; Tamrind [3058]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Angola (N) [113]; Benin (N) [11]; Burkina (N) [8]; Burundi (N) [8]; Cameroon (N) [111]; Cape Verde (N) [8]; Central African Rep. (N) [8]; Chad (N) [64]; Djibouti (U) [239]; Egypt (I) [8]; Equatorial Guinea (I) [8]; Ethiopia (N) [113]; Ghana (N) [11]; Guinea (N) [11]; Guinea Bissau (N) [11]; Ivory Coast (N) [11]; Kenya (N) [106]; Liberia (N) [11]; Libya (I) [8]; Malawi (N) [8]; Mali (N) [11]; Mozambique (N) [113]; Niger (N) [11]; Nigeria (N) [11]; Senegal (N) [11]; Sierra Leone (N) [11]; Socotra (N) [8]; Somalia (N) [8]; South Africa (U) [107]; Sudan (N) [29]; Tanzania (N) [106]; Togo (N) [8]; Uganda (N) [106]; Zaire (N) [113]; Zambia (N) [28]; Zimbabwe (N) [8]
  Asia
Bangladesh (I) [3383]; Bhutan (I) [1947]; Cambodia (I) [1935, 2023]; China (I) [3408]; Fujian [3408]; Guangdong [3408]; Guangxi [3408]; Yunnan [3408]; India (I) [1914, 1915, 1944, 3017, 3027, 3028, 3037, 3040, 3042, 3092, 3094, 3100, 3140, 3366, 3371, 3372, 3373, 3375, 3377, 3385, 3386, 3585, 3635]; Andhra Pradesh [3635]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3385]; Bihar [3371]; Dadra-Nagar-Haveli [3094]; Daman [3094]; Delhi [3372]; Diu [3094]; Goa [3094]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3373]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3366]; Karnataka [1944]; Kerala [3372]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3100]; Manipur [3366]; Meghalaya [3042]; Nagaland [3366]; Orissa [3386]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Sikkim [3366]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3585]; West Bengal [3037]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [261, 1969, 3898, 3967]; Iran (I) [1939]; Iraq (I) [1939]; Irian Jaya (I) [261]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Laos (I) [1935, 2023]; Malaysia (I) [1948, 3011]; Nepal (I) [2898, 3369]; Pakistan (I) [2021]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [3011]; Philippines (I) [1979, 3963]; Singapore (I) [2111]; Sri Lanka (I) [2023]; Sumatera (N) [3967]; Taiwan (I) [1929, 3408]; Thailand (I) [2002]; Vietnam (I) [1935, 2023]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Bahamas (I) [2153]; Cayman Is (I) [453]; Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Haiti (I) [2157]; Jamaica (I) [1056]
  Central America
Belize (I) [1242]; Costa Rica (I) [1367]; El Salvador (I) [2156]; Guatemala (I) [1645]; Honduras (I) [2233]; Mexico(North & Central) (I) [1470]; Mexico(South East) (I) [1117, 1188, 1470]; Nicaragua (I) [2233]; Panama (I) [1224, 1606]
  Indian Ocean
Aldabra (U) [1941, 3078]; Amirantes Group [1941]; Astove I [3078]; Coetivy I [1941]; Andaman Is (I) [3389]; Christmas I (I) [3920]; Comoro Is (U) [3054, 4747]; Anjouan I [4747]; Laccadive Is (I) [3076, 3379]; Madagascar (N) [1982, 3402]; Maldives (I) [3062, 3076]; Mauritius (I) [1915, 3067]; Agalega I [3067]; Nicobar Is (I) [3366]; Reunion (I) [1915]; Rodrigues (I) [1915]; Seychelles (I) [1941]
  Middle East
Bahrain (I) [1939]; Oman (I) [1939]; Saudi Arabia (I) [1939]; South Yemen (I) [1939]; Yemen (I) [1939]
  North America
United States (I) [1114, 1542, 3157]; Florida [3157]; Texas [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Cook Is (U) [2265]; Fiji (I) [2264]; Gilbert Is (U) [2235]; Niue (U) [2266]; Northern Marianas (U) [2235]; Society Is (I) [2968]; Tonga (U) [2265]
  South America
Argentina (I) [1114, 1140]; Bolivia (I) [1289]; Brazil (I) [1414]; Colombia (I) [1114, 1292]; Ecuador (I) [2233]; French Guiana (I) [1408]; Paraguay (I) [2233]; Peru (I) [1114, 1442]; Venezuela (I) [2233]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [106];
    Lake Victoria regional transition zone; scrub forest. [33];
    Somalia-Masai forest [33];
    Sudanian woodland [33];
    Zambezian woodland [33];
    Zanzibar-Inhambane regional transition zone; bushland and thicket. [33];

  Indian Ocean
    West Malagasy forest. [33];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [3, 106, 113, 261, 1470, 1915, 1935, 1937, 1941, 1947, 2002, 2023, 2111, 2153, 2157, 2996, 3001, 3055, 3057, 3402, 3408, 3618, 3898, 3920] ; Illustration [3, 41, 106, 261, 1470, 1915, 1935, 1937, 1947, 2002, 2153, 2157, 2996, 3001, 3069, 3408, 3618]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [1941] [3402] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-04 Seneviratne GI (Sinhala & Tamil Names), 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Tree [261] [1941] ; Lifespan: Perennial [261] [1941] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1999-05 Heald J, 2003-11 (Ma

  
USES:
  Chemical products [14, 3030]; Domestic [3920]; Environmental [14, 113, 1947, 2021, 2023, 3920]; Fibre [3030]; Food and Drink [14, 106, 261, 453, 1915, 1947, 2002, 2264, 2968, 3030, 3034, 3402]; Medicine [9, 111, 1915, 2002, 2023, 2968, 3034, 3402, 3920]; Miscellaneous [2002]; Wood [9, 14, 113, 453, 2002, 2023, 2264, 3030, 3402, 3920]

  
NOTES:
  Cultivated in Thailand and all over the tropics for its edible fruit-pulp. [2832]
  Widely cultivated. [261]
  Native range uncertain; probably Madagascar. [3011]
  Early Dutch settlers introduced this tree to Mauritius. [1915]
  Probably native to Africa, but may be India. [1915]

  
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