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Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp.

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HIGHER TAXON: Phaseoleae

GENUS: Cajanus DC.

Cajanus cajan (L.)Millsp. [Preferred name]
    Cajan cajan (L.)Millsp. {Orthographic variant}
    Cajan indorum Medik. {Synonym}
    Cajanus bicolor DC. {Synonym}
    Cajanus cajan (L.)Huth {Synonym}
    Cajanus cajan var. bicolor (DC.)Purseglove {Synonym}
    Cajanus cajan var. flavus (DC.)Purseglove {Synonym}
    Cajanus flavus DC. {Synonym}
    Cajanus indicus Spreng. {Synonym}
    Cajanus indicus var. bicolor (DC.)Kuntze {Synonym}
    Cajanus indicus var. flavus (DC.)Kuntze {Synonym}
    Cajanus indicus var. maculatus Kuntze {Synonym}
    Cajanus inodorum Medik. {Synonym}
    Cajanus inodorus Medik. {Orthographic variant}
    Cajanus luteus Bello {Synonym}
    Cajanus obcordifolius V.Singh {Synonym}
    Cajanus pseudo-cajan (Jacq.)Schinz & Guillaumin {Synonym}
    Cajanus striatus Bojer {Synonym}
    Cytisus cajan L.(1753) {Synonym}
    Cytisus guineensis Schum. & Thonn. {Synonym}
    Cytisus pseudo-cajan Jacq. {Synonym}
    Cytisus pseudocajan Jacq. {Synonym}
    Phaseolus balicus L. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Ambarivatry [3402]; Ambatribe [3402]; Ambaty [3402]; Amberivatry [3402]; Ambote [3402]; Ambraty [3402]; Ambrevade [1915, 2968, 3402]; Ambrevate [3402]; Antsotry [3402]; Arahar [2516]; Arhar [2516, 3030, 3345]; Congo Pea [261, 1056, 1430, 2264]; Dahl [2264]; Dhal [261]; Frijol De Arbol [1470]; Frijol Quinchancho [1292]; Gandul [1409, 1430]; Gandures [1430]; Golubinyi Gorokh [4433]; Guandu [1292, 4061]; Guandul [2157]; Gungo Pea [453, 1056]; Ihora [2516]; Jinsonge [4061]; Kayanus [4433]; Laher [2516]; Lenteja [1470]; Nicla Indyjska [4061]; Oroha [2516]; Oror [2516]; Pigeon Pea [261, 274, 453, 1056, 1470, 1790, 1902, 1941, 2153, 2264, 2266, 2968, 4061]; Pigeon Pea Bush [1790]; Pigeonpea [2909]; Pois Cajan [230, 274, 2968]; Pois Congo [2157]; Pois D'Angolie [2157]; Pois d'Angole [1790, 2968, 4061]; Pwa Angole [1790]; Quinchonchillo [1661]; Quinchoncho [1661]; Rahar [2264]; Red Gram [261, 1941, 2264]; Strauchbohne [4061]; Straucherbse [4061]; Taubenerbse [4061]; Tur [2516, 3030, 3345]; Tuver [2516, 3030]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Angola (I) [274]; Benin (I) [274]; Burundi (I) [8]; Cameroon (I) [8]; Chad (I) [64]; Djibouti (I) [1765]; Egypt (I) [274]; Ethiopia (I) [24]; Ghana (I) [274]; Guinea (I) [274]; Guinea Bissau (I) [274]; Ivory Coast (I) [274]; Kenya (I) [210]; Liberia (I) [274]; Malawi (I) [274]; Mali (I) [274]; Mozambique (I) [274]; Niger (I) [78]; Nigeria (I) [274]; Rwanda (I) [220]; Sao Tome & Principe (I) [217]; Senegal (I) [274]; Sierra Leone (I) [274]; South Africa (I) [274]; Sudan (I) [274]; Swaziland (I) [274]; Tanzania (I) [210]; Togo (I) [274]; Uganda (I) [210]; Zaire (I) [274]; Zambia (I) [28]; Zimbabwe (I) [274]
  Asia
Afghanistan (I) [1939]; Azerbaijan (I) [2985]; Azerbaijan* [2985, 4169]; Nakhichevan [2985, 4169]; Bangladesh (I) [274]; Bhutan (I) [1947]; Cambodia (I) [1942]; China (U) [274, 3393, 3427]; Fujian [3393, 3427]; Guangdong [3393, 3427]; Guangxi [274, 3427]; Hunan [3427]; Jiangsu [3427]; Jiangxi [3427]; Sichuan [3393, 3427]; Yunnan [3393, 3427]; Zhejiang [3427]; East Timor (I) [274]; Gruzia (I) [2985]; Abkhazia [2985, 4142]; Adzharia [2985, 4142]; Hainan (U) [274, 3427]; India (N) [261, 274, 1947, 3009, 3017, 3020, 3027, 3028, 3040, 3041, 3092, 3094, 3101, 3140, 3142, 3144, 3366, 3370, 3371, 3372, 3373, 3374, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3378]; Andhra Pradesh [3009]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3370]; Bihar [3371]; Delhi [3372]; Goa [3094]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3373]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3041]; Karnataka [3020]; Kerala [3374]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3101]; Manipur [3142]; Meghalaya [3366]; Mizoram [3366]; Nagaland [3366]; Orissa [3376]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Sikkim [1947]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3144]; West Bengal [3378]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [274, 3898]; Japan (I) [274]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Laos (I) [274, 1942]; Lesser Sunda Is (N) [274]; Malaysia (I) [274, 2111]; Myanmar (I) [274]; Nepal (I) [274, 2898, 3369]; Pakistan (I) [274, 1938]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [2111]; Philippines (I) [274]; Ryukyu Is (I) [2825]; Singapore (I) [3938]; Sri Lanka (I) [274, 3705]; Sulawesi (N) [274]; Sumatera (N) [274]; Tadzhikistan (I) [2985, 4142]; Taiwan (U) [1931, 2827, 3427]; Thailand (I) [274, 2061]; Turkmenistan (I) [2985, 4142]; Uzbekistan (I) [2985, 4142]; Vietnam (I) [274, 1942]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [274, 1919]; New South Wales [1919]; Queensland [1919]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Anguilla (I) [1790]; Antigua-Barbuda (I) [1790]; Bahamas (I) [2153]; Barbados (I) [1790]; Cayman Is (I) [453]; Cuba (I) [274, 1409]; Dominica (I) [1790]; Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Grenada (I) [1790]; Guadeloupe (I) [1290, 1790]; Haiti (I) [2157]; Jamaica (I) [1056]; Martinique (I) [1290, 1790]; Montserrat (I) [1790]; Netherlands Leeward Is (I) [1790]; Puerto Rico (I) [1430]; St Kitts-Nevis (I) [1790]; St Lucia (I) [1790]; St Martin-St Barthelemy (I) [1790]; St Vincent (I) [1790]; Trinidad & Tobago (I) [274]; Venezuelan Antilles (I) [274]
  Central America
Belize (I) [274, 1242]; Costa Rica (I) [274]; El Salvador (I) [274, 2156]; Guatemala (I) [274]; Honduras (I) [274]; Mexico(North & Central) (I) [274]; Baja California Sur [274]; Jalisco [274]; Oaxaca [274]; Veracruz [274]; Mexico(South East) (I) [274, 1117]; Yucatan [274]; Nicaragua (I) [274, 3348]; Panama (I) [274, 1243]
  Indian Ocean
Comoro Is (I) [3054, 4747]; Anjouan I [4747]; Laccadive Is (I) [3379]; Madagascar (I) [274, 3402]; Mauritius (I) [274, 3067]; Agalega I [3067]; Mayotte (I) [3054, 4747]; Reunion (I) [1915]; Rodrigues (I) [3057]; Seychelles (I) [1941, 3057]
  Middle East
Oman (I) [1939]; Turkey in Asia (I) [274]; Yemen (I) [1939]
  North America
United States (I) [274, 1271, 1431, 3157, 3346]; Florida [3157, 3346]; Louisiana [274]; Texas [274]
  Pacific Ocean
Bismarck Archipelago (I) [261]; Fiji (I) [1940, 2264]; Guam (I) [274]; Hawaii (I) [274, 1949]; Nauru (I) [2235]; Niue (I) [2266]; Northern Marianas (I) [2235]; Ogasawara-Shoto (I) [2825]; Society Is (I) [2968]
  South America
Argentina (I) [274]; Corrientes [274]; Tucuman [274]; Bolivia (I) [3344]; Brazil (I) [274, 1414]; Bahia [274]; Mato Grosso [274]; Mato Grosso do Sul [274]; Minas Gerais [274]; Para [274]; Pernambuco [274]; Rio De Janeiro [274]; Rio Grande do Sul [274]; Santa Catarina [274]; Sao Paulo [274]; Colombia (I) [274, 1292]; Ecuador (I) [274, 1229]; French Guiana (I) [274, 1408]; Guyana (I) [2285]; Paraguay (I) [274]; Peru (I) [274]; Surinam (I) [274]; Venezuela (I) [1661]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [1470];
    Somalia-Masai anthropic landscapes [210];
    Sudanian anthropic landscapes [210];
    Zambezian anthropic landscapes. [210];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [210, 230, 261, 274, 1470, 1915, 1917, 1919, 1931, 1938, 1941, 1942, 1947, 1952, 1957, 2111, 2153, 2157, 2828, 3057, 3348, 3402, 3427, 3465, 3705, 3898, 4142, 4433] ; Distribution Map [274, 4142] ; Illustration [24, 210, 220, 261, 274, 1661, 1790, 1917, 1919, 1931, 1942, 1947, 2153, 2157, 2516, 2827, 2828, 3427, 4142]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [261] [1941] [3402] [4433] ; Conservation Status: Cultigen not known in the wild ; Further editing: 2001-03 van der Maesen LJG [274], 2003-07 Brewer PW, 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157] [3348], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Herb [261] [1941], Shrub [261] [1915] [3402] [4433] ; Lifespan: Annual [274], Perennial [261] [274] [3402] [4433] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 2001-03 van der Maesen, LJG [274] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1996 (Japan) Ohashi H, 1998

  
USES:
  Chemical products [3030]; Domestic [274, 309, 2909, 3402]; Environmental [274, 309, 2138, 2828, 2909, 4142, 4433]; Food and Drink [274, 309, 1938, 1941, 1947, 2264, 2828, 2909, 3030, 3034, 3402, 4142, 4433]; Forage [274, 309, 2828, 2909, 3030, 3402, 4142]; Medicine [274, 309, 1941, 2828, 3034, 3402]; Miscellaneous [1947]; Wood [2909, 3402]

  
NOTES:
  Originated in India, now cultivated in all tropical areas. [274]
  Some information listed under Cajanus bicolor e.g. in Colombia. [1292]
  Simultaneous use as food, fodder & fuel make it a crop with a bright future. [2909]
  Useful for intercropping, being hardy and able to ameliorate soils. [2909]
  Important in small-scale farming in many mainly semi-arid regions. [2909]
  A major pulse crop in the tropics and subtropics. [2909]
  World production of the order of 2 M tonnes. [2909]
  India contributes over 90% of the crop. [2909]
  Other centres are in eastern Africa and the Caribbean. [2909]
  Over 11,000 accessions in the Genetic Resources Unit at ICRISAT. [2909]
  Chinese National Herbarium specimen - Hainan - Nian-xun Chen 4097 [3393]
  Chinese National Herbarium specimen - Guangdong - Zhi Huang 38847 [3393]
  Chinese National Herbarium specimen - Yunnan - Shen-e Liu 01819 [3393]
  Chinese National Herbarium specimen - Fujian - Pu-qin Zhong 282 [3393]
  Chinese National Herbarium specimen - Sichuan - S.Coll. 20137 [3393]
  Cultivated as food plant for the lac insect (shellac). [3465]
  Widely cultivated throughout the tropics. [261]
  Assumed to originate in India. [274]
  A prehistoric introduction. [3963]
  Frequently confused with the lentil. [261]
  In "Flora URSS" & "Flora of Cultivated Plants" this species is treated as C. [4433]
  indicus [4433]
  Perenial, but cultivated as an annual. [274]

  
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