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Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.)DC.

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HIGHER TAXON: Phaseoleae

GENUS: Canavalia DC.

Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.)DC. [Preferred name]
    Canavalia enformis var. alba Makino {Synonym}
    Canavalia enformis var. gladiata (Jacq.)Kuntze {Synonym}
    Canavalia ensiformis sensu Baker, p.p. {Misapplied}
    Canavalia ensiformis sensu auct. {Misapplied}
    Canavalia foureiri G.Don {Synonym}
    Canavalia gladiata var. alba (Makino)Hisauti {Synonym}
    Canavalia gladiata var. erythrosperma Voight {Synonym}
    Canavalia gladiata var. machaeroides DC. {Synonym}
    Canavalia gladiata var. spodosperma Voigt {Synonym}
    Canavalia gladiolata J.D.Sauer {Synonym}
    Canavalia incurva (Thunb.)DC. {Synonym}
    Canavalia incurva Thouars {Synonym}
    Canavalia loureirii G.Don {Synonym}
    Canavalia machaeroides (DC.)Steud. {Synonym}
    Canavalia maxima Thouars {Synonym}
    Canavalia plagiosperma sensu auct. {Misapplied}
    Dolichos gladiatus Jacq. {Synonym}
    Dolichos incurvus Thunb. {Synonym}
    Malocchia gladiata (Jacq.)Savi {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Bara Sem [3030]; Carabanz [2157]; Lal Kadsumbal [3030]; Morataitra [3402]; Pois Sabre [1915]; Sword Bean [261, 1941, 1947, 2828, 3705]; Swordbean [261, 1902]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Burundi (I) [8]; Mozambique (I) [8]; South Africa (I) [342]; Tanzania (I) [210]; Zaire (I) [8]; Zambia (I) [8]; Zimbabwe (I) [8]
  Asia
Bangladesh (N) [1914, 3366]; Bhutan (N) [1947]; Cambodia (N) [1942]; China (N) [342, 1179, 3424]; Guangxi [3424]; Jiangxi [3424]; Yunnan [3424]; Hainan (U) [3424]; India (N) [342, 1914, 1947, 3017, 3020, 3027, 3092, 3094, 3108, 3366, 3370, 3371, 3373, 3374, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3384]; Andhra Pradesh [3384]; Arunachal Pradesh [3366]; Assam [1914, 3370]; Bihar [3371]; Dadra-Nagar-Haveli [3094]; Delhi [3366]; Goa [3366]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3373]; Himachal Pradesh [3366]; Jammu-Kashmir [3366]; Karnataka [3020]; Kerala [3374]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3108]; Manipur [3366]; Meghalaya [3366]; Mizoram [3366]; Nagaland [3366]; Orissa [3376]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [1914, 3377]; Rajasthan [3366]; Sikkim [1947]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [1914, 3366]; West Bengal [1914, 3366]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [342, 3004, 3898]; Japan (I) [342]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Laos (N) [1942]; Lesser Sunda Is (N) [3004]; Malaysia (I) [342, 2111]; Myanmar (N) [342, 1914]; Nepal (U) [3369]; Peninsular Malaysia (N) [2111]; Philippines (I) [342]; Sabah (N) [342]; Singapore (I) [342, 3938]; Sri Lanka (I) [1957, 3705]; Taiwan (I) [342]; Thailand (N) [342, 3047]; Vietnam (N) [1942]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [342]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Cuba (I) [342]; Guadeloupe (I) [342]; Haiti (I) [2157]; Jamaica (I) [1056]; Virgin Is (I) [342]
  Central America
Guatemala (I) [1645]; Honduras (I) [342]; Mexico (I) [342]; Panama (U) [1224, 1243]
  Indian Ocean
Andaman Is (I) [342]; Madagascar (I) [342, 3402]; Mauritius (I) [1915, 3052]; Nicobar Is (N) [342, 3366]; Rodrigues (I) [1915]; Seychelles (I) [1941]
  North America
United States (I) [342, 1431, 3157]; Florida [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Hawaii (I) [342]
  South America
Argentina (I) [342]; Brazil (U) [342, 1103]; Paraguay (U) [342]; Surinam (N) [2285]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [210];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [210, 261, 342, 1469, 1915, 1941, 1942, 1947, 2111, 2157, 2825, 3017, 3402, 3424, 3627, 3898] ; Distribution Map [342] ; Illustration [342, 1942, 2901, 3386, 3424, 3627]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Climbing [261] [1941] [3402] ; Conservation Status: Cultigen not known in the wild ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Herb [261] [1915] [3402], Shrub [261] ; Lifespan: Annual [261], Perennial [261] [1941] [3402] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM & Heald J, 1996 (Japan) Ohashi H, 2003-11 (Madagascar) Novoselova MS extract

  
USES:
  Environmental [342, 2828, 3705]; Food and Drink [1941, 1942, 1947, 2111, 2828, 3009, 3030, 3034, 3402, 3627, 3705]; Forage [1915]; Medicine [3034]; Miscellaneous [3705]

  
NOTES:
  Presence on Mauritius not confirmed by Polhill (1990). [1915]
  Probably native in E.Asia; range extended by cultivation. [1942]
  Not known out of cultivation excpt as an escape. [261]
  C.gladiata var.alba (Makimo)Hisauchi occurs in Japan. [342]
  Probably originates in S.E. Asia. [3402]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8.

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210.

  Gillett, J.B. et al., 1971
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342.

  Sauer, J., 1964
    Brittonia 16(2):106-181 Revision of Canavalia

1056.

  Adams, C.D., 1972
    Flowering Plants of Jamaica Univ. West Indies, Mona, Jamaica

1179.

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    Typed Script(MO)130pp Enumeration Chinese Papilionoideae

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    Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5):1-425 Leguminosae

1902.

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1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
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1915.

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1941.

  Robertson, S.A., 1989
    Flowering Plants of Seychelles. Kew

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1957.

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2111.

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2157.

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2285.

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3004.

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3020.

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3030.

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3034.

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3047.

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3052.

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3092.

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3094.

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3108.

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3366.

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3369.

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3370.

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3371.

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3373.

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3374.

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    Flora of Calicut

3375.

  Singh, A.N., 1993
    In: Verma,D.M. & al. (Eds.) Flora of Madhya Pradesh, Vol.1.

3376.

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    Fabaceae in Orissa. J. Econ. Taxon Bot. 7:249-276

3377.

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    Punjab Plants Check-list

3384.

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    Flora of Anantapur District (Andhra Pradesh, India)

3386.

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    Flora of Eastern Ghats Vol.2

3402.

  Du Puy, D.J. et al., 2002
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3424.

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3627.

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3705.

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3938.

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