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Cicer arietinum L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Cicereae

GENUS: Cicer L.

Cicer arietinum L. [Preferred name]
    Cicer album hort. {Synonym}
    Cicer arientinium L. {Orthographic variant}
    Cicer arientinum L. {Orthographic variant}
    Cicer edessanum Bornm. {Synonym}
    Cicer grossum Salisb. {Synonym}
    Cicer nigrum hort. {Synonym}
    Cicer physodes Rchb. {Synonym}
    Cicer rotundum Alef. {Synonym}
    Cicer sativum Schkuhr {Synonym}
    Cicer sintenisii Bornm. {Synonym}
    Ononis crotalarioides M.E.Jones {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Bengal Gram [391, 1938, 3030]; But [3030]; Catjang Arab [4009]; Cece [4061]; Chana [2264, 3030]; Chick Pea [1862, 1915, 1938, 2086, 2183, 3030, 3066]; Chickpea [391, 3898]; Chunna [3030]; Cicer Tete-de-belier [4083]; Cieciorka [4061]; Dhale [1915]; Garbanzo [391, 2086, 4061]; Garbanzo Bean [391]; Garvance [391]; Goyun Nokhud [2138]; Gram [391, 1915, 1938, 3030]; Grao De Bica [4061]; Hummus [391]; Kahviherne [4061]; Katjang Arab [4009]; Kichererbse [4061]; Konda-Kadala [1587]; Nakhud [4515]; Naut [4061]; Nekhut [4177]; Nokhud [4414]; Nukhat [4307]; Nut Barani [4352]; Nut Kulturnyi [4123]; Nut Pasyaouny [4282]; Nut Rogoobraznyi [4123]; Nut Zvychainyi [4694]; Pois Chiche [391, 1915]; Pois-chiche [4083]; Sejamasis Avinzirnis [3567]; Shubuun Khoshuu [4672]; Sier Vochkhari [4048]; Tarimal Banduukhai [4672]; Turetzki Gorokh [4177]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Algeria (I) [391]; Egypt (I) [391]; Ethiopia (I) [391, 1915]; Kenya (I) [8]; Libya (I) [454]; Madeira (I) [1862]; Morocco (I) [391]; Somalia (I) [8]; Sudan (I) [391]; Tanzania (I) [210]; Tunisia (I) [391]; Uganda (I) [391]; Zaire (I) [8]; Zimbabwe (I) [8]
  Asia
Afghanistan (N) [1862, 1939]; Armenia (I) [2185]; Azerbaijan (I) Azerbaijan* [2185]; Bhutan (I) [1947]; China (N) [1179, 3447]; Gansu [3447]; Hebei [3447]; Nei Mongol Zizhiqu [3447]; Quinghai [3447]; Shaanxi [3447]; Shandong [3447]; Shanxi [3447]; Zhejiang [3447]; Gruzia (I) Abkhazia [4296]; Gruzia* [2185]; India (I) [391, 1915, 1947, 3017, 3020, 3027, 3028, 3040, 3041, 3092, 3108, 3140, 3366, 3370, 3372, 3373, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3378, 3392, 3609, 3635]; Andhra Pradesh [3635]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3370]; Bihar [3609]; Daman [3366]; Delhi [3372]; Diu [3366]; Goa [3366]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3373]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3041]; Karnataka [3020]; Kerala [3366]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3108]; Manipur [3366]; Meghalaya [3366]; Mizoram [3366]; Nagaland [3366]; Orissa [3376]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Sikkim [1947]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3392]; West Bengal [3378]; Yanan [3366]; Indonesia (I) [3898]; Iran (N) [391]; Iraq (N) [391]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Kazakhstan (I) Alma-Ata [4423]; Chimkent [4423]; Dzhambul [4423]; Semipalatinsk [4326, 4423]; Kirgizstan (I) Frunze [4621]; Osh [4621]; Mongolia (I) Khenti [4672]; Selenge [4672]; Tuv [4672]; Myanmar (I) [391]; Nepal (I) [391, 2898, 3369]; Pakistan (U) [391, 1938]; Russia in Asia (I) Checheno-Ingushetia [4705]; Dagestan [4357]; Kabardino-Balkaria [4705]; Kemerovo [4326, 4475]; Krasnodar [4705]; Kurgan [4423]; Severo-Osetia [4705]; Stavropol [4705]; Sri Lanka (I) [1587]; Taiwan (N) [1929, 3447]; Turkmenistan (I) Ashkhabad [2587]; Chardzhou [2587, 4575]; Krasnovodsk [2587, 4575]; Mary [2587]; Uzbekistan (I) [4307]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1862, 1880]; Western Australia [1880]; Papua New Guinea (N) [261]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (I) [1271, 1409, 1430]; Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Haiti (I) [2157]
  Central America
Costa Rica (I) [1658]; Guatemala (I) [1645]; Mexico(North & Central) (I) [1470]
  Europe
Albania (I) [454]; Balearic Is (I) [454]; Belarus (I) Brest [4157]; Gomel [4157]; Grodno [4157]; Minsk [4157]; Mogilev [4157]; Vitebsk [4157]; Bulgaria (I) [391]; Corsica (U) [454]; Estonia (I) [4340]; France (I) [391]; Greece (I) [391]; Italy (I) [391]; Kriti (I) [454]; Lithuania (I) [3567]; Moldova (I) [4177, 4418]; Portugal (I) [391]; Romania (I) [1862]; Russia in Europe (I) Belgorod [4269]; Komi [4666]; Kursk [4269]; Lipetsk [4269]; Mari [4026]; Moscow [4650]; Rostov-Don [4724]; Tambov [4269]; Volgograd [4558]; Voronezh [4269]; Sardegna (U) [454]; Sicilia (U) [454]; Spain (I) [391]; Ukraine (I) Krym [4123, 4694]; Yugoslavia (I) [391]
  Indian Ocean
Mauritius (I) [1915, 3052]; Rodrigues (I) [3060]
  Middle East
Cyprus (I) [454]; East Aegean Is(Greek) (U) [454]; Israel (N) [391]; Jordan (N) [391]; Lebanon (N) [391]; Oman (I) [1862, 1939]; Syria (N) [391]; Turkey in Asia (N) [391]; Yemen (I) [1862, 1939]
  North America
Canada (I) [1115]; United States (I) [1271, 1431, 1915]
  Pacific Ocean
Fiji (I) [2264]; Nauru (I) [2235]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2086]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2086]
  South America
Argentina (I) [391]; Bolivia (I) [1271]; Chile (I) [391]; Colombia (I) [1292]; Peru (I) [1442]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [391];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [210, 391, 1430, 1862, 1881, 1915, 1929, 1938, 1947, 2086, 2157, 3022, 3371, 3447, 3898, 4009, 4010, 4352] ; Distribution Map [391, 4491] ; Illustration [210, 391, 548, 1881, 1915, 1929, 1947, 2086, 2157, 3567, 4009, 4010, 4157, 4352]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3898] [4352] ; Conservation Status: Cultigen not known in the wild ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names ; Habit: Herb [1915] [3898] [4352] ; Lifespan: Annual [1915] [3898] [4352] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1993 van der Maesen LJG, 2001-03 van der Maesen, LJG ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Adams BR, 1998 Bisby FA, 2004 (Malesia) Lock JM & Ford C (SJ2005), 2004-01 (Fl.Sinicae) Novosel

  
USES:
  Chemical products [391]; Environmental [391, 4352]; Food and Drink [391, 1862, 1915, 1938, 2086, 2264, 3030, 4352]; Forage [391, 1862, 3371, 4352]; Medicine [391, 1862, 3030]; Miscellaneous [3030]

  
NOTES:
  Research aspects monographed in M.C.Saxena & K.B.Singh (eds) 1987. [2917]
  Probably originated in SW Asia but its native area obscured by cultivation. [1862]
  'Chickpea'(one word, no hyphen)is the preferred vernacular name spelling. [1860]
  An important pulse crop worldwide. [2909]
  World production about 9-10 M hectares. [2909]
  Yields of c 700 kg/ha are rising, but still far below potential. [2909]
  The two main cultivar groups are know as 'Desi' and 'Kabuli' types. [2909]
  ICRISAT (India) holds Desi-type germplasm collections. [2909]
  ICARDA (Syria) holds Kabuli-type germplasm collections. [2909]
  Unknown in wild state. [4010]
  Probably native of SE Anatolia [4010]
  Widely cultivated in warm areas. In Mongolia under experimental cultivation [4212]
  only [4212]
  Alien to Kemerovo Province (old record): near Stalinsk (= Kuznetsk) - [4475]
  Veryugina & Elizarieva, 1932 [4475]

  
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