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Myroxylon balsamum (L.)Harms

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HIGHER TAXON: Sophoreae

GENUS: Myroxylon L.f.

Myroxylon balsamum (L.)Harms [Preferred name]
    Myrospermum toluiferum DC. {Synonym}
    Toluifera balsamum L. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Balsam [1587]; Balsam Of Tolu [1902]; Balsamo [1645, 3348]; Balsamo De Tolu [1140]; Balsamo Del Peru [1140]; Kata-kamanchal [4751]; Sambranee [4751]; Tolu Balsam [1587, 1902]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Ghana (I) [8]; Sierra Leone (I) [8]; Tanzania (I) [210]; Uganda (I) [210]; Zaire (I) [8]
  Asia
India (I) [1914]; Karnataka [1914]; Kerala [1914]; West Bengal [1914]; Indonesia (I) [1969, 3898]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Sri Lanka (I) [1587]
  Caribbean
Dominican Republic (I) [2157]
  Central America
El Salvador (N) [1479, 2156]; Mexico(South East) (N) [1479]; Nicaragua (N) [3348]; Panama (N) [1228, 1248, 1363, 1479, 1563, 1571, 1587]
  Pacific Ocean
Fiji (I) [2264]; Marshall Is (I) [2235]
  South America
Brazil (N) [1231, 1450]; Colombia (N) [1479, 1563, 1571, 1587]; Guyana (N) [1231]; Peru (N) [1450]; Venezuela (N) [1450, 1563, 1571]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [210];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [210, 1587, 2157, 3348, 3898] ; Illustration [2157]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3898] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-04 Seneviratne GI (Sinhala & Tamil Names), 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3348] ; Habit: Tree [3898] ; Lifespan: Perennial [3898] ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 2004 (Malesia) Lock JM & Ford C (SJ2005), 2004-11 (S Asia) Kumar S & Sane P

  
USES:
  Domestic [1587]; Environmental [1587]; Medicine [210, 1587]; Wood [1587]

  
BIBLIOGRAPHY:

8.

  Lock, J.M., 1985
    Specimen in Herb.Kew

210.

  Gillett, J.B. et al., 1971
    Papilionoideae.In:Fl.Trop.E.Africa,Milne-Redhead & Polhill

1140.

  Burkart, A., 1952
    Acme Agency, Buenos Aires 569 pp Las Leguminosas Argentinas

1228.

  Delgado Salinas, A., 1981
    Syst.Bot.6(3):294-296 Macroptilium gibbosifolium (Ortega)A.D

1231.

  Ducke, A., 1949
    Bol.Tecn.Inst.Agron.N.18:1-248 Notas Flora Neotropica-II:Ama

1450.

  Martins, E.M.O., 1980
    Contr.Univ.Michigan Herb.14:83-84 A Stryphnodendron New ....

1479.

  Mohlenbrock, R.H., 1962
    Webbia 17(1):153-186Revision of Leguminous Genus Ateleia

1587.

  Rudd, V.E., 1980
    A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 1:428-458 Fabaceae

1645.

  Standley, P.C. & Steyermark, J.A, 1946
    Fieldiana, Bot. 24(5):1-425 Leguminosae

1902.

  Terrell, E.E., 1977
    Checklist of Names for 3,000 Vas.Pl... Agric.Handbook No.505

1914.

  Sanjappa, M., 1992
    Legumes of India. Dehra Dun: Bishen Singh Mahendra...

1969.

  Backer, C.A. et al, 1963
    Flora of Java, Vol 1. Gronongen: Noordhoff.

2156.

  Berendsohn, W.G. & AranivaGonza, 1979
    Cuscatlania 1(2):1-16

2157.

  Liogier, A.H., 1985
    La Flore de la Espanola.III

2235.

  Fosberg, F.R. et al., 1979
    A Geographical Checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae

2264.

  Parham, J.W., 1972
    Plants of the Fiji Islands

3348.

  Stevens, W.D., et al., 2001
    Flora de Nicaragua,85(2)...Missouri Bot.Gard.Press

3898.

  Backer, C.A., 1963
    Flora of Java. Groningen, The Netherlands

4751.

  Senaratna, L.K., 2001
    A check list of the flowering plants of Sri Lanka. Colombo.
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