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Trifolium arvense L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Trifolieae

GENUS: Trifolium L.

Trifolium arvense L. [Preferred name]
    Trifolium agrestinum Boreau {Synonym}
    Trifolium arenivagum Boreau {Synonym}
    Trifolium arvense ssp. gracile (Thuill.)Nyman {Synonym}
    Trifolium arvense var. gracile (Thuill.)DC. {Synonym}
    Trifolium brachyodon (Celak.)A.Kern. {Synonym}
    Trifolium brittingeri Opiz {Synonym}
    Trifolium capitulatum Pau {Synonym}
    Trifolium eriocephalum Ledeb. {Synonym}
    Trifolium gracile Thuill. {Synonym}
    Trifolium longisetum Boiss. & Balansa {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Acker-Klee [2205, 2444]; Agurnik [4282]; Burtkla Samkura [2985, 4296]; Dirvinis Dobilas [2985, 3567]; Ereknuk Varelahokhain [2985, 3539]; Gumlag Yoncha [3540]; Hare's-foot Clover [2183]; Haresfoot Clover [1587, 1862, 1917, 2183, 2362, 2625]; Haresfoot Trefoil [1862, 2080]; Hasen-Klee [2205, 2444, 2459, 2985, 4546]; Kanyushyna Rallyavaya [4282]; Kassiristik [3547]; Klever Pashennyi [614, 2985]; Konyushina Poliova [2985, 4694]; Koshachki [4282]; Kotiki [2985, 3537]; Matainais Abolins [2985, 3548]; Mause-Klee [2205]; Papanash [2985, 4177]; Pied-de-lievre [2459, 4083]; Rabbitfoot Clover [1587, 1850, 1902]; Trefle Des Champs [4083]; Trifoi De-Kymp [2985, 4177]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Algeria (N) [566]; Canary Is (N) [566]; Djibouti (N) [239]; Egypt (N) [566]; Ethiopia (N) [567]; Libya (N) [566]; Madeira (N) [1862]; Morocco (N) [566]; Sudan (N) [567]; Tunisia (N) [566]
  Antarctica
Falkland Is (I) [1862]
  Asia
Afghanistan (N) [1872]; Armenia (N) [2185, 2985]; Azerbaijan (N) [2985]; Azerbaijan* [2185]; Nakhichevan [2185, 2985]; Gruzia (N) [2985]; Abkhazia [2185, 2985]; Adzharia [2185, 2985]; Gruzia* [2185]; India (I) [1862]; Indonesia (I) [1862]; Iran (N) [1861]; Iraq (N) [1862]; Kazakhstan (N) [2985]; Kustanai [2985, 3550]; Uralsk [3550]; Russia in Asia (N) [2985]; Altay* [2985, 4326, 4475]; Amur [2602, 2985, 4449]; Checheno-Ingushetia [2185, 2985]; Chelyabinsk [2985, 4289, 4326]; Dagestan [2185, 2985]; Kabardino-Balkaria [2185, 2985]; Karacheyevo-Cherkessia [2185, 2985]; Khabarovsk* [2602, 2985, 4449, 4540]; Khakassia [2985, 4040, 4540]; Krasnodar [2185, 2985]; Krasnoyarsk* [2985, 4541]; Kurgan [2985, 4289, 4326, 4404, 4406]; Kuril Is [2602, 2985]; Novosibirsk [2985, 4317, 4326, 4472, 4475]; Omsk [2985, 4326, 4472, 4475]; Primorye [2602, 2985, 4449, 4540, 4541]; Sakhalin [2602, 2985]; Severo-Osetia [2185, 2985]; Stavropol [2185, 2985]; Sverdlovsk [2985, 4079, 4289, 4326]; Tomsk [2985, 4326, 4472, 4475]; Tyumen [2985, 4289, 4326, 4473, 4475, 4541]; Sri Lanka (I) [1587]; Turkmenistan (N) [2985]; Krasnovodsk [2587, 2985, 3575, 4575]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Tasmania (I)
  Caribbean
Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Haiti (I) [2157]
  Europe
Albania (N) [454, 754]; Andorra (N) [2634, 2635]; Austria (N) [754]; Azores (N) [754]; Balearic Is (N) [454, 754]; Belarus (N) [2985]; Brest [2985, 4157]; Gomel [2985, 4157]; Grodno [2985, 4157]; Minsk [2985, 4157]; Mogilev [2985, 4157]; Vitebsk [2985, 4157]; Belgium (N) [2459, 2460]; Bulgaria (N) [454, 754, 2309]; Channel Is (N) [2626]; Corsica (N) [454, 754]; Czechoslovakia (N) [754]; Denmark (N) [754]; Estonia (N) [2985, 3547]; Finland (N) [754]; France (N) [454, 754]; Germany (N) [754]; Great Britain (N) [754, 2183]; Greece (N) [454, 754, 2311]; Hungary (N) [754]; Ireland (N) [2625]; Italy (N) [454, 754, 1883]; Kriti (N) [454, 754, 2306]; Latvia (N) [2985, 3548]; Liechtenstein (N) [2444]; Lithuania (N) [2985, 3567]; Luxembourg (N) [2459, 2460]; Malta (N) [454, 2443]; Moldova (N) [2985, 4418]; Netherlands (N) [754]; Northern Ireland (N) [2625]; Norway (N) [754]; Poland (N) [754]; Portugal (N) [454, 754]; Romania (N) [754]; Russia in Europe (N) [2985]; Arkhangelsk [2985, 4293, 4666]; Astrakhan [2985, 3537]; Bashkiria [2985, 4381]; Belgorod [2985, 3537]; Bryansk [2985, 3537]; Chuvashia [2985, 3537]; Gorki [2985, 3537]; Ivanovo [2985, 3537, 4084]; Kalinin [2985, 3537]; Kaliningrad [2985, 4220]; Kalmykia [2185, 2985, 4079]; Kaluga [2985, 3537]; Kirov [2985, 3537, 4034, 4647]; Komi [2985, 4293, 4598, 4666]; Komi-Permyak [2985, 4429]; Kostroma [2985, 3537]; Kuibyshev [2985, 3537, 4079, 4461]; Kursk [2985, 3537]; Leningrad [2985, 3537]; Lipetsk [2985, 3537, 4035]; Mari [2985, 3537, 4436]; Mordovia [2985, 3537]; Moscow [2985, 3537]; Novgorod [2985, 3537]; Orel [2985, 3537]; Penza [2985, 3537]; Perm [2985, 3537, 4429]; Pskov [2985, 3537]; Rostov-Don [2185, 2985, 4079]; Ryazan [2985, 3537]; Saratov [2985, 3537]; Smolensk [2985, 3537]; Tambov [2985, 3537]; Tataria [2985, 4437]; Tula [2985, 3537]; Udmurtia [2985, 4063]; Ulyanovsk [2985, 3537]; Vladimir [2985, 3537, 4650]; Volgograd [2985, 3537, 4079, 4558, 4559, 4561]; Vologda [2985, 3537]; Voronezh [2985, 3537]; Yaroslavl [2985, 3537]; Sardegna (N) [454, 754]; Sicilia (N) [454, 2935]; Spain (N) [454, 754, 2196]; Sweden (N) [754]; Switzerland (N) [754]; Turkey in Europe (N) [454, 754, 1869]; Ukraine (N) [2985]; Cherkassy [2985, 4144]; Chernigov [2985, 4144]; Chernovtsy [2985, 4253, 4254, 4255]; Dnepropetrovsk [2985, 4110]; Donetsk [2985, 4110]; Ivano-Frankovsk [2985, 4254, 4255]; Kharkov [2985, 4547]; Kherson [2985, 4281]; Khmelnitski [2985, 4254]; Kiev [2985, 4395]; Kirovograd [2985, 4144]; Krym [2985, 4694]; Lvov [2985, 4254, 4255, 4256]; Nikolaev [2985, 4144]; Odessa [2985, 4678]; Poltava [2985, 4051]; Rovno [2985, 4254]; Sumy [2985, 4144]; Ternopol [2985, 4254, 4255]; Vinnitsa [2985, 4144]; Volynia [2985, 4254]; Voroshilovgrad [2985, 4110]; Zakarpatskaya [2985, 4257]; Zaporozhye [2985, 4110]; Zhitomir [2985, 4395]; Yugoslavia (N) [454, 754]
  Middle East
Cyprus (N) [454]; East Aegean Is(Greek) (N) [454]; Israel-Jordan (N) [454]; Lebanon (N) [1861]; Saudi Arabia (N) [1859]; Syria (N) [1861]; Turkey in Asia (N) [454]
  North America
Canada (U) [1431]; United States (I) [1143, 1431, 1680, 3157]; Alabama [3157]; Arkansas [3157]; Georgia [3157]; Illinois [3157]; Indiana [3157]; Iowa [3157]; Maryland [3157]; Mississippi [3157]; Missouri [3157]; North Carolina [3157]; Oregon [3157]; South Carolina [3157]; Tennessee [3157]; Virginia [3157]; Washington [3157]; Wisconsin [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Chatham Is (I) [2080]; Hawaii (I) [1949]; New Zealand(North) (I) [1862, 2080]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2080]
  South America
Argentina (U) [1152]; Chile (U) [1143, 1444]; Colombia (U) [1292]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Afromontane (upland) shrubland ('moorland'). [24];
    Afromontane grassland [24];
    Mediterranean bushland & thicket [360];
    Mediterranean grasslands. [360];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [360, 368, 566, 614, 754, 1587, 1861, 1862, 1917, 1919, 1921, 2080, 2086, 2157, 2196, 2205, 3538] ; Distribution Map [2185, 2363, 2602, 3538, 3569, 4293] ; Illustration [368, 566, 1859, 1861, 1917, 1919, 1921, 2199, 2309, 2362, 3547, 3548, 3567, 3570]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3538] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 von Raab-Straube E - Ed.scr.German Names ; Habit: Herb [3538] ; Lifespan: Annual [3538] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1991/1993 Heyn CC & Heller D, 2005-06 Roskov YR ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1991 (W Asia) Lock JM & Simpson K, 1993 Adams BR, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1993-1996 (N Eurasia) Roskov Y, Sytin A, Yakovlev,

  
USES:
  Forage [1587, 1862, 1919, 2207, 2985]; Medicine [1862, 2207, 2985]; Weed [2086]

  
NOTES:
  Zohary & Heller recognise a var. gracile [566]
  Med-checklist recognises a doubtful subspecies gracile. [454]

  
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