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Trifolium hybridum L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Trifolieae

GENUS: Trifolium L.

Trifolium hybridum L. [Preferred name]
    Amoria hybrida (L.)C.Presl {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Alsike [1847]; Alsike Clover [566, 1587, 1847, 1850, 1862, 1902, 1917, 2080, 2086, 2183, 2362]; Alsikeapila [4061]; Alsikeklover [4061]; Amoriya Gibridnaya [2985, 3538]; Bastard-Klee [2205, 2444]; Bastarda Abolins [2985, 3548]; Carreton [1292]; Chehraiy Yoncha [3540]; Kanyushyna Ruzhovaya [4282]; Khainak [2985, 3572]; Klever Gibridnyi [614, 2985]; Klever Rozovyi [614, 2985]; Klever Shvedski [614, 2985]; Koniczyna Szwedzka [4061]; Konyushina Gibridnaya [2985, 4694]; Krasnabai [4282]; Kyzyl Dushpes-Mede [2985, 3572]; Rausvasis Dobilas [2985, 3567]; Roosa Ristik [3547]; Rootsi Ristik [3547]; Schweden-Klee [2631, 4546]; Swedish Clover [566, 4061]; Trebol Hibrido [4061]; Trefle Hybride [4440]; Trevo Hibrido [4061]; Trifoglio Ibrido [4061]; Trifoi Hibrid [4061]; Trifoi Khibrid [2985, 4177]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Morocco (N) [454]; South Africa (I) [279]
  Asia
Armenia (N) [2185, 2985, 4527]; Azerbaijan (N) [2985]; Azerbaijan* [2185, 3540, 4526]; Nakhichevan [2985, 3540, 4526]; China (I) [1179, 3443]; Gruzia (N) [2985]; Abkhazia [2185, 2985]; Adzharia [2185, 2985, 4529, 4538]; Gruzia* [2185, 4529]; India (I) [1914, 3377, 3594]; Punjab [3377]; Uttar Pradesh [3594]; Iran (N) [1861]; Iraq (N) [1862]; Japan (I) [1930]; Kazakhstan (N) [2985]; Aktyubinsk [2985, 3550]; Alma-Ata [2985, 3550]; Semipalatinsk [2985, 3550]; Uralsk [2985, 3550]; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya [2985, 3550, 4542]; Kirgizstan (I) [2985]; Frunze [2985, 4415, 4621]; Russia in Asia (N) [2985]; Altay* [2985, 4326, 4472, 4473, 4474, 4475]; Amur [2602, 2985, 4449]; Buryatiya [2985, 4451, 4472, 4473, 4474, 4475]; Checheno-Ingushetia [2985, 4362]; Chelyabinsk [2985, 3538, 4289]; Chita* [2985, 4451, 4472]; Dagestan [2985, 4357]; Evenki [2985, 3569]; Gorno-Altaisk [2985, 4317, 4472, 4473, 4475, 4542]; Irkutsk* [2985, 4451, 4472, 4473, 4474, 4475, 4487]; Kabardino-Balkaria [2185, 2985]; Kamchatka* [2602, 2985, 4449]; Karacheyevo-Cherkessia [2985, 4362]; Kemerovo [2985, 4326, 4474, 4475, 4542]; Khabarovsk* [2602, 2985, 4449]; Khanty-Mansijsk [2985, 4326]; Krasnodar [2185, 2985]; Krasnoyarsk* [2985, 4185, 4474, 4475, 4477]; Kurgan [2985, 4289, 4404, 4406, 4473, 4475]; Kuril Is [2602, 2985, 4449]; Magadan* [2602, 2985, 4449, 4541]; Novosibirsk [2985, 4317, 4326, 4472, 4475, 4541, 4542]; Omsk [2985, 4326]; Primorye [2602, 2985, 4449]; Sakhalin [2602, 2985, 4449, 4541]; Stavropol [2185, 2985]; Sverdlovsk [2985, 3538, 4289]; Tajmyr [2985, 4598]; Tomsk [2985, 4472, 4475, 4542]; Tuva [2985, 3572, 4317, 4475]; Tyumen [2985, 4289, 4326, 4472, 4473, 4475]; Yakutiya [2985, 4475]; Yamalo-Nenets [2985, 4472]; Sri Lanka (I) [1587]; Tadzhikistan (I) [2985]; Dushanbe [3549, 4587]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880]; Tasmania (I)
  Europe
Andorra (N) [2634, 2635]; Austria (U) [2631]; Belarus (N) [2985]; Brest [2985, 4157]; Gomel [2985, 4157]; Grodno [2985, 4157]; Minsk [2985, 4157]; Mogilev [2985, 4157]; Vitebsk [2985, 4157]; Belgium (I) [2459, 2460]; Bulgaria (N) [454, 754, 2309]; Channel Is (I) [2626]; Czechoslovakia (U) [754]; Denmark (I) [754]; Estonia (N) [2985, 3547]; Finland (I) [754]; France (N) [454, 754]; Germany (I) [754]; Great Britain (I) [754, 2183]; Greece (N) [454, 754, 2311]; Hungary (U) [754]; Ireland (I) [2625]; Italy (N) [454, 754, 1883]; Kriti (N) [454, 754]; Latvia (N) [2985, 3548]; Liechtenstein (I) [2444]; Lithuania (N) [2985, 3567]; Luxembourg (I) [2459, 2460]; Moldova (N) [2985, 4177]; Netherlands (I) [754]; Northern Ireland (I) [2625]; Norway (I) [754]; Poland (I) [754]; Romania (U) [754]; Russia in Europe (N) [2985]; Arkhangelsk [2985, 3537, 4293]; Astrakhan [2985, 3537, 4457]; Bashkiria [2985, 3537]; Belgorod [2985, 3537]; Bryansk [2985, 3537]; Chuvashia [2985, 3537]; Gorki [2985, 4650]; Ivanovo [2985, 3537, 4084]; Kalinin [2985, 3537]; Kaliningrad [2985, 4220]; Kalmykia [2985, 3537]; Kaluga [2985, 3537]; Karelia [2985, 3537]; Kirov [2985, 4647]; Komi [2985, 3537, 4293]; Komi-Permyak [2985, 4429]; Kostroma [2985, 3537]; Kuibyshev [2985, 3537]; Kursk [2985, 3537]; Leningrad [2985, 3537]; Lipetsk [2985, 3537, 4035]; Mari [2985, 3537]; Mordovia [2985, 3537]; Moscow [2985, 3537]; Murmansk [2985, 4342, 4598]; Nenets [2985, 4598]; Novgorod [2985, 3537]; Orel [2985, 3537]; Orenburg [2985, 3537]; Penza [2985, 3537]; Perm [2985, 3537]; Pskov [2985, 3537]; Rostov-Don [2985, 3537, 4536]; Ryazan [2985, 3537]; Saratov [2985, 3537]; Smolensk [2985, 3537]; Tambov [2985, 3537]; Tataria [2985, 3537]; Tula [2985, 3537]; Udmurtia [2985, 3537]; Ulyanovsk [2985, 3537]; Vladimir [2985, 3537]; Volgograd [2985, 3537]; Vologda [2985, 3537]; Voronezh [2985, 3537]; Yaroslavl [2985, 3537]; Spain (N) [454, 754, 2363]; Sweden (I) [754]; Switzerland (U) [754]; Turkey in Europe (N) [754]; Ukraine (N) [2985]; Cherkassy [2985, 4694]; Chernigov [2985, 4528, 4694]; Chernovtsy [2985, 4694]; Dnepropetrovsk [2985, 4694]; Donetsk [2985, 4694]; Ivano-Frankovsk [2985, 4694]; Kharkov [2985, 4528, 4694]; Kherson [2985, 4694]; Khmelnitski [2985, 4694]; Kiev [2985, 4694]; Kirovograd [2985, 4694]; Krym [2985, 3537, 4542, 4543]; Lvov [2985, 4694]; Nikolaev [2985, 4528, 4694]; Odessa [2985, 4528, 4694]; Poltava [2985, 4528, 4694]; Rovno [2985, 4528, 4694]; Sumy [2985, 4694]; Ternopol [2985, 4528, 4694]; Vinnitsa [2985, 4694]; Volynia [2985, 4694]; Voroshilovgrad [2985, 4694]; Zakarpatskaya [2985, 4694]; Zaporozhye [2985, 4528, 4694]; Zhitomir [2985, 4694]; Yugoslavia (N) [754]
  Middle East
Turkey in Asia (N) [454]
  North America
Alaska-Aleutian Is (I) [1115, 1431, 1743]; Canada (I) [566, 1115]; United States (I) [1119, 1431, 1850, 3157]; New York [3157]; North Carolina [3157]; Oregon [3157]; Pennsylvania [3157]; South Carolina [3157]; Virginia [3157]; Washington [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Chatham Is (I) [2080]; Hawaii (I) [1949]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2080]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2080]
  South America
Argentina (I) [1140]; Chile (I) [1444]; Colombia (I) [1292]; Peru (I) [1442]

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [566, 614, 754, 1847, 1850, 1861, 1862, 1917, 2080, 2086, 2205, 2311, 3443, 3538] ; Distribution Map [2185, 2363, 2602, 3538, 3569] ; Illustration [566, 1847, 1850, 1861, 1917, 2199, 2205, 2362, 3547, 3567, 3568]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3538] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 von Raab-Straube E - Ed.scr.German Names ; Habit: Herb [3538] ; Lifespan: Annual [3581], Perennial [3538] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1991/1993 Heyn CC & Heller D, 2005-06 Roskov YR ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1991 (W Asia) Lock JM & Simpson K, 1993 Adams BR, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1993-1996 (N Eurasia) Roskov Y, Sytin A, Yakovlev,

  
USES:
  Environmental [2207, 2985]; Forage [566, 754, 1862, 2207, 2631, 2985, 3030]; Miscellaneous [1862]

  
NOTES:
  Important & widely cultivated cover crop []
  Record for Kriti doubtful [2306]
  3 subsp.:anatolicum, elegans & hybridum [754]
  Prized as a honey plant [2909]
  In "Flora URSR" and some other "Floras" T. elegans is regarded as a good [4694]
  separate species [4694]
  Karachaevo-Cherkessia: Kyzyl-Pokun - A.Magulaev, 1987 ets: Railway [4362]
  Station"103 km". Alien to Tajmyr: Dudinka & Khatanga. [4362]
  Alien to Yakutia: Usmun village in Aldanski Distr. [4362]

  
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