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Medicago polymorpha L.

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HIGHER TAXON: Trifolieae

GENUS: Medicago L.

Medicago polymorpha L. [Preferred name]
    Medicago apiculata Willd. {Synonym}
    Medicago denticulata Willd. {Synonym}
    Medicago hispida Gaertn. {Synonym}
    Medicago hispida var. confinus (W.D.J.Koch)Burnat {Synonym}
    Medicago hispida var. nigra L. {Synonym}
    Medicago lappacea Desr. {Synonym}
    Medicago loretii Albert {Synonym}
    Medicago nigra (L.)Krock. {Synonym}
    Medicago nigra ssp. microcarpa (Urb.)O.Bolos & Vigo {Synonym}
    Medicago nigra var. nigra (L.)Krock. {Synonym}
    Medicago pentacycla DC. {Synonym}
    Medicago polycarpa Godr. & Gren. {Synonym}
    Medicago polycarpa ssp. polymorpha (L.)Cadevall & Sallent {Synonym}
    Medicago polycarpa ssp. reticulata (Benth.)Coste {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha ssp. hispida (Gaertn.)Ponert {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha ssp. lappacea (Desr.)Bonafe {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha ssp. polycarpa Romero Zarco {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha var. apiculata (Willd.)Ooststr. & Reichg. {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha var. nigra L. {Synonym}
    Medicago polymorpha var. vulgaris (Benth.)Shin, p.p. {Synonym}
    Medicago reticulata Benth. {Synonym}
    Medicago terebellum Willd. {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Black Medick [1915]; Bur Medic [2086]; Bur Medick [2080]; Burclover [3157]; Burr Medic [1917]; California Burclover [1902]; Luzerne Polymorphe [2459]; Lyutzerna Chernaya [3552]; Lyutzerna Melkozubchataya [3552]; Lyutzerna Zubchataya [3552]; Rauher Schneckenklee [2459]; Stachliger Schneckenklee [2205]; Toothed Bur Clover [1862]; Toothed Medick [1862, 2183, 2362, 3452]; Wollklette [2205]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Algeria (N) [454]; Canary Is (N) [1862]; Djibouti (N) [239]; Egypt (N) [454]; Ethiopia (U) [24]; Kenya (U) [210]; Libya (N) [454]; Madeira (N) [1862]; Morocco (N) [454]; Socotra (N) [90]; South Africa (I) [580]; Tanzania (U) [210]; Tunisia (N) [454]
  Asia
Afghanistan (N) [1872]; Azerbaijan (N) [2985]; Azerbaijan* [2185, 4169]; China (N) [1179, 3443]; Gansu [3443]; Guizhou [3443]; Yunnan [3443]; Gruzia (N) [2985]; Abkhazia [2985, 3557, 4297]; Adzharia [2985, 3557]; Gruzia* [2185]; India (U) [1862, 1914, 3017, 3019, 3027, 3028, 3119, 3140, 3366, 3371, 3372, 3375, 3377, 3387]; Bihar [3371]; Delhi [3372]; Gujarat [3017]; Haryana [3366]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3019]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Uttar Pradesh [3387]; West Bengal [3119]; Iran (U) [1861]; Iraq (U) [1862]; Kazakhstan (N) [2985]; Chimkent [2985, 4279]; Kirgizstan (N) [2985]; Osh [2985, 4279]; Nepal (U) [3369]; Pakistan (N) [1862, 1938]; Philippines (I) [3963]; Russia in Asia (N) [2985]; Dagestan [2185, 2985]; Krasnodar [2985, 4170]; Tadzhikistan (N) [2985]; Dushanbe [2985, 3566]; Gorno-Badakshan [2985, 3566]; Kulyab [2985, 3566]; Kurgan-Tyube [2985, 3566, 4279]; Leninabad [2985, 3566]; Taiwan (N) [1929]; Turkmenistan (N) [2985]; Ashkhabad [2985, 4155, 4279, 4575]; Krasnovodsk [2985, 4155, 4575]; Mary [2985, 4155, 4279]; Uzbekistan (N) [2985]; Kashkadarinskaya [2985, 3556]; Surhandarinskaya [2985, 3556]; Tashkent [2985, 4279]; Vietnam (I) [1937]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880, 1918]; Tasmania (I) [1880, 2419]
  Caribbean
Dominican Republic (I) [2157]
  Central America
Costa Rica (I) [2233]; Mexico(North & Central) (I) [1470]; Mexico(South East) (I) [1117]
  Europe
Albania (N) [454, 754]; Austria (N) [754]; Azores (N) [754]; Balearic Is (N) [454, 754]; Belarus (I) [2985]; Brest [2985, 4579]; Gomel [2985, 4579]; Minsk [2985, 4570, 4578, 4579]; Mogilev [2985, 4079]; Belgium (I) [2459, 2460]; Bulgaria (N) [454, 754, 2309]; Corsica (N) [454, 754]; Czechoslovakia (I) [754]; Estonia (I) [2985, 3547, 4341]; France (N) [454, 754]; Germany (N) [754]; Great Britain (N) [754, 2183, 3452]; Greece (N) [454, 754]; Hungary (I) [754]; Italy (N) [754, 1883]; Kriti (N) [454, 754, 2306]; Latvia (I) [2985, 3548, 4635]; Malta (N) [454, 2443]; Netherlands (I) [754]; Portugal (N) [454, 754]; Romania (N) [754]; Russia in Europe (I) [2985]; Bryansk [2985, 4219]; Orel [2985, 4201, 4219]; Sardegna (N) [454, 754]; Sicilia (N) [454, 2935]; Spain (N) [454, 754, 2196]; Switzerland (I) [754, 2205]; Turkey in Europe (N) [454, 1869]; Ukraine (N) [2985]; Krym [2985, 3552, 4079, 4330, 4686]; Yugoslavia (N) [454, 754]
  Indian Ocean
Mauritius (I) [1915]; Reunion (I) [1915]
  Middle East
Cyprus (N) [454]; East Aegean Is(Greek) (N) [454]; Israel (N) [1862]; Jordan (N) [1862]; Kuwait (U) [1896]; Lebanon (N) [1862]; Saudi Arabia (U) [1859]; Sinai (N) [454]; Syria (N) [1862]; Turkey in Asia (N) [454]; Yemen (U) [1896]
  North America
Canada (I) [1431]; United States (I) [1431, 3157]; Arizona [3157]; California [3157]; Texas [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Chatham Is (I) [2080]; Hawaii (I) [1949]; Kermadec Is (I) [2080]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2080]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2080]; Northern Marianas (I) [2235]
  South America
Argentina (I) [1009]; Bolivia (I) [2233]; Brazil (I) [2233]; Chile (I) [1009, 1444]; Ecuador (I) [2233]; Peru (I) [2090, 2233]; Uruguay (I) [2233]; Venezuela (I) [2233]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Afromontane (upland) anthropic landscapes [210];
    Afromontane grassland [24];
    Mediterranean bushland & thicket [360];
    Mediterranean grasslands. [360];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [210, 360, 368, 754, 1861, 1862, 1915, 1919, 1921, 1937, 1938, 1949, 2009, 2157, 2196, 3443, 3551, 3552, 4007] ; Distribution Map [2185, 3559] ; Illustration [24, 360, 368, 1861, 1862, 1919, 1921, 1937, 1938, 1949, 2016, 2185, 2199, 2309, 3547, 3557, 3565, 4007]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Not climbing [3552] [4007] ; Conservation Status: Not Threatened ; Further editing: 2004-02 Bisby FA, 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157], 2005-10 Agababian M - Ed.scr.French Names, 2005-10 von Raab-Straube E - Ed.scr.German Names ; Habit: Herb [1915] [3552] [4007] ; Lifespan: Annual [1915] [3552] [4007], Perennial ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1991/1993 Heyn CC & Heller D, 2005-06 Roskov YR ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1991 (W Asia) Lock JM & Simpson K, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Adams BR, 1993-1996 (N Eurasia) Roskov

  
USES:
  Environmental [1862]; Food and Drink [1862]; Forage [1862, 1899, 1915, 1938, 2207, 2985]; Medicine [1862]; Weed [1899, 1915, 1938, 2016, 3552]

  
NOTES:
  Only one record for M.nigra from Sevastopol in Krym. [2985]
  In "Flora URSS" var. apiculata (Willd.)Burkat from Crimea & var. caspica [3552]
  (Jacq.)Grossh. from Azerbaijan are recognized [3552]
  In Crimea occurs only in the South Coast & Foothills as a weed [4543]
  Only one old record from Sevastopol in Crimea [3552]
  Native to North temperate regions. [3066]

  
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