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Glycine max (L.)Merr.

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HIGHER TAXON: Phaseoleae

GENUS: Glycine Willd.

Glycine max (L.)Merr. [Preferred name]
    Dolichos soja L. {Synonym}
    Glycine angustifolia Miq. {Synonym}
    Glycine gracilis Skvortsov {Synonym}
    Glycine hispida (Moench)Maxim. {Synonym}
    Glycine soja sensu auct. {Misapplied}
    Phalseolus max L. {Synonym}
    Phaseolus max L. {Synonym}
    Soja angustifolia Miq. {Synonym}
    Soja hispida Moench {Synonym}
    Soja japonica Savi {Synonym}
    Soja max (L.)Piper {Synonym}
    Soja soja H.Karst. {Synonym}
    Soja viridis Savi {Synonym}

  
VERNACULAR NAME:
  Bhat [3030]; Bhatwar [3030]; Bhetmas [3030]; Boo-mae [4751]; Ekme Soya [2138]; Fejao-soja [1414]; GM Soya [3137]; Gauruotoji Soja [3567]; Glicine [4061]; Glitzine Krupneishaya [2602]; Glitzine Shchetinistaya [2602]; Karvane Sojauba [3547]; Kitaiskie Boby [2602]; Ram Kurthi [3587]; Ramkurthi [3030]; Rgya-sran [4070]; Sarmataina Soja [3548]; Soe Mare [4177]; Soijapapu [4061]; Soja [1414, 1915, 4061]; Sojabohne [4061]; Sojabona [4061]; Soya [261, 2157, 3705]; Soya Bean [261, 302]; Soya Kulturnaya [4686]; Soya Posevnaya [2602]; Soya Shchatzinistaya [4282]; Soya Shchetinistovolosistaya [4519]; Soya Zhestkovolosistaya [4699]; Soya-bean [2183]; Soyabean [261, 1947, 2916, 3587, 3605, 3705]; Soybean [302, 1850, 1902, 3605]; Tarimal Sharbuurtzag [4672]

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
  Africa
Egypt (I) [2286]; Ethiopia (I) [24]; Kenya (I) [210]; Morocco (I) [2286]; Nigeria (I) [2286]; South Africa (I) [2286]; Tanzania (I) [210]; Zambia (I) [2286]; Zimbabwe (I) [2286]
  Asia
Afghanistan (I) [1939]; Azerbaijan (I) Azerbaijan* [4169]; Nakhichevan [4169]; Bhutan (I) [1947]; China (N) [302, 1938, 2286, 3428]; Gruzia (I) Abkhazia [4648]; Gruzia* [4648]; India (I) [1914, 2286, 3027, 3028, 3040, 3043, 3092, 3105, 3140, 3144, 3366, 3373, 3375, 3376, 3377, 3587]; Andhra Pradesh [3366]; Arunachal Pradesh [3040]; Assam [3366]; Bihar [3587]; Delhi [3366]; Gujarat [3366]; Haryana [3373]; Himachal Pradesh [3140]; Jammu-Kashmir [3366]; Karnataka [3366]; Madhaya Pradesh [3375]; Maharashtra [3366]; Manipur [3366]; Meghalaya [3043]; Mizoram [3366]; Nagaland [3366]; Orissa [3376]; Pondicherry [3366]; Punjab [3377]; Rajasthan [3028]; Sikkim [3366]; Tamil Nadu [3027]; Tripura [3092]; Uttar Pradesh [3144]; West Bengal [3105]; Indonesia (I) [1969, 2286, 3898]; Iran (I) [2286]; Iraq (I) [1939]; Japan (I) [302, 1930, 2286, 3316]; Jawa (N) [3898]; Kazakhstan (I) [4519]; Kirgizstan (I) Frunze [4621]; Korea (I) [2286]; Laos (N) [1942]; Malaysia (I) [3074]; Mongolia (I) [4672]; Myanmar (I) [1938, 2286]; Nepal (I) [1938, 2898, 3369]; Pakistan (I) [1938, 2286]; Philippines (I) [2286, 3004]; Russia in Asia (I) Amur [2602, 4449]; Khabarovsk* [2602, 4449]; Krasnodar [4170]; Primorye [2602, 4449]; Sri Lanka (I) [1957, 3705]; Tadzhikistan (I) [4648]; Taiwan (I) [302, 1929, 2286]; Thailand (N) [1942, 2286]; Turkmenistan (I) [2587]; Uzbekistan (I) [4699]; Vietnam (N) [1942]
  Australasia
Australia (I) [1880, 2286]; Queensland [1880]; Papua New Guinea (I) [261]
  Caribbean
Caribbean-TRP (I) [1290, 1430]; Dominican Republic (I) [2157]; Haiti (I) [2157]; Jamaica (I) [2286]
  Central America
Guatemala (I) [2286]; Mexico(South East) (I) [1188]
  Europe
Belarus (I) Brest [4579]; Gomel [4579]; Minsk [4579]; Bulgaria (I) [2286]; Czechoslovakia (I) [2286]; Estonia (I) [3547, 4340, 4341]; France (I) [2286]; Hungary (I) [2286]; Italy (I) [2286]; Latvia (I) [3548]; Lithuania (I) [3567]; Moldova (I) [4177, 4418, 4686]; Romania (I) [2286]; Russia in Europe (I) Ivanovo [4650]; Kalinin [4650]; Kirov [4647]; Komi [4648, 4666]; Lipetsk [4035, 4650]; Mari [4026]; Moscow [4079]; Rostov-Don [4724]; Udmurtia [4063]; Ulyanovsk [4509]; Volgograd [4558]; Spain (I) [2286]; Turkey in Europe (I) [2286]; Ukraine (I) Donetsk [4079]; Kiev [4395]; Odessa [4678]; Yugoslavia (I) [2286]
  Indian Ocean
Mauritius (I) [1915, 3151]
  North America
Canada (I) [2286]; United States (I) [1271, 1326, 1431, 1850, 2286, 3157, 3316]; Alabama [3157]; Arizona [3157]; Arkansas [3157]; California [3157]; Colorado [3157]; Connecticut [3157]; Delaware [3157]; Florida [3157]; Georgia [3157]; Idaho [3157]; Illinois [3157]; Indiana [3157]; Iowa [3157]; Kansas [3157]; Kentucky [3157]; Louisiana [3157]; Maine [3157]; Maryland [3157]; Massachusetts [3157]; Michigan [3157]; Minnesota [3157]; Mississippi [3157]; Missouri [3157]; Montana [3157]; Nebraska [3157]; Nevada [3157]; New Hampshire [3157]; New Jersey [3157]; New Mexico [3157]; New York [3157]; North Carolina [3157]; North Dakota [3157]; Ohio [3157]; Oklahoma [3157]; Oregon [3157]; Pennsylvania [3157]; Rhode Island [3157]; South Carolina [3157]; South Dakota [3157]; Tennessee [3157]; Texas [3157]; Utah [3157]; Vermont [3157]; Virginia [3157]; Washington [3157]; West Virginia [3157]; Wisconsin [3157]; Wyoming [3157]
  Pacific Ocean
Fiji (I) [2264]; New Zealand(North) (I) [2086]; New Zealand(South) (I) [2086]
  South America
Argentina (I) [2286]; Bolivia (I) [2286]; Brazil (I) [1414, 2286, 3316]; Colombia (I) [1292, 2286]; Ecuador (I) [2286]; Galapagos (I) [1712]; Paraguay (I) [2286]; Peru (I) [2286]; Uruguay (I) [2286]; Venezuela (I) [2286]

  
HABITATS:
  Africa
    Cultivated [210];

LITERATURE POINTERS:
  Description [24, 261, 302, 1919, 1929, 1938, 1942, 1947, 1957, 2157, 2185, 3428, 3547, 3548, 3567, 3705, 3898, 4069, 4157, 4686, 4694] ; Distribution Map [4069] ; Illustration [261, 302, 1861, 1919, 1929, 1942, 2157, 3428, 3547, 3567, 4157, 4182, 4519, 4699]

DESCRIPTORS:
  Climbing: Climbing, Not climbing [261] [2185] [2602] ; Conservation Status: Cultigen not known in the wild ; Further editing: 2001-09 Bisby FA, 2004-2005 Novoselova MS, 2005-04 Seneviratne GI (Sinhala & Tamil Names), 2005-07 (Americas update) Sokolova IV [3157] ; Habit: Herb [261] [2185] [2602] ; Lifespan: Annual [261] [2185] [2602] ; Scrutinised globally by taxonomic co-ordinator: 1997 Newell CA ; Source(s): 1988 (Africa) Lock JM, 1988 (Americas) Zarucchi JL, 1988 (Europe) ESFEDS, 1990 (New Zealand & Pacific) Horn P, 1993 (Indian Ocean) Lock JM & Ireland H, 1993 Adams BR, 1993 Polhill RM, 1993 Zarucchi JL, 1994 (Indo-China) Lock JM &

  
USES:
  Chemical products [1938, 3030, 4069, 4157]; Domestic [1862, 2185, 3030, 4069]; Environmental [1862]; Fibre [3030]; Food and Drink [261, 302, 1862, 1938, 1942, 2185, 2207, 2602, 3030, 3034, 3316, 4069, 4271, 4519, 4686, 4694]; Forage [1938, 2185, 2207, 4069, 4271, 4519, 4694]; Medicine [3034, 4070]

  
NOTES:
  Yields an abundant supply of both oil and protein. [2916]
  Provides about 35% of the world's human protein. [2916]
  An early genetically modified cultivar (GM Soya) was cv. 'Roundup Ready'. [3137]
  Monsanto Corp. created cv. 'Roundup Ready', tolerant to glyphosate herbicide. [3137]
  Monsanto Corp. markets the herbicide, as "Roundup", and the GM Soya. [3137]
  Cultivated in China since ancient times. [3316]
  Introduced to the USA in 1853, but much expanded from the 1930's. [3316]
  Second most valuable crop in the USA occupying 15% of arable land. [3316]
  Immature pods are eaten as a vegetable. [3316]
  Mature seeds are sprouted or milled for flour. [3316]
  Protein precipitated by coagulents to make bean curd/tofu/doufu. [3316]
  Seeds are ground/boiled, then fermented for soy sauces. [3316]
  Fermented seeds used to prepare miso, natto (Japan) & tempeh (Indonesia). [3316]
  Seeds are used for cooking oil and soy bean milk. [3316]
  Cultivated widely; unknown in the wild.; perhaps derived from the wild Glycine [1942]
  soja Sieb. & Zucc. [1942]
  Seeds very rich in protein; one of the world's most important leguminous crops [261]
  May be a cultigen derived from G.ussuriensis. [302]
  Cultivated throughout the world. [261]
  In "Flora URSS" two dubious species, G. gracilis & G.hispida, are recognized [4077]
  cilis (Skvortsov)Teplyak. from Far East and subsp. manshurica (Enken)Teplyak., [4077]
  very widespread under cultivation in N. Eurasia. The latter subspecies was a [4077]
  base for most of cultivars. Introduced and alien to many Provinces [4077]

  
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